Padang Bai, Indonesia 20th Century Coral 14C Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Padang Bai, Indonesia 20th Century Coral 14C Data LAST UPDATE: 1/2011 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Guilderson, T.P., S. Fallon, M.D. Moore, D.P. Schrag, and C.D. Charles. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2011-011 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Guilderson, T.P., et al. 2010. Padang Bai, Indonesia 20th Century Coral 14C Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2011-011. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Guilderson, T.P., S. Fallon, M.D. Moore, D.P. Schrag, and C.D. Charles. 2009. Seasonally resolved surface water D14C variability in the Lombok Strait: A coralline perspective. J. Geophys. Res., 114, C07029, doi:10.1029/2008JC004876 ABSTRACT: We have explored surface water mixing in the Lombok Strait through a bimonthly resolved surface water D14C time series reconstructed from a coral in the Lombok Strait that spans 1937 through 1990. The prebomb surface water D14C average is -60.5%, and individual samples range from -72% to 134%. The annual average postbomb maximum occurs in 1973 at 122%. The timing of the postbomb maximum is consistent with a primary subtropical source for the surface waters in the Indonesian seas. During the postbomb period, the coral records regular seasonal cycles of 5% to 20%. Seasonal high D14C occur during March-May (warm, low salinity), and low D14C occur in September (cool, higher salinity). The D14C seasonality is coherent and in phase with the seasonal D14C cycle observed in Makassar Strait. We estimate the influence of high D14C Makassar Strait (North Pacific) water flowing through the Lombok Strait using a two end-member mixing model and the seasonal extremes observed at the two sites. The percentage of Makassar Strait water varies between 16% and 70%, and between 1955 and 1990, it averages at 40%. The rich D14C variability has a biennial component reflecting remote equatorial Indian Ocean forcing and a component in the ENSO band, which is interpreted to reflect Pacific forcing on the D14C signature in Lombok Strait. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Charles, C.D., K. Cobb, M.D. Moore, and R.G. Fairbanks. 2003. Monsoon-tropical ocean interaction in a network of coral records spanning the 20th century. Mar. Geol., vol. 201, pp. 207-222. Stuiver, M., and H.A. Polach. 1977. Discussion and reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon, Vol. 19, pp. 355-363. Vogel, J.S., J.R. Southon, and D.E. Nelson. 1987. Catalyst and binder effects in the use of filamentous graphite for AMS. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B, Vol. 29, pp. 50-56. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Lombok Strait, Indonesia PERIOD OF RECORD: 1937 - 1990 AD. FUNDING SOURCES: U.S. Department of Energy/University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, LDRD (01-ERI-009), US National Science Foundation, Physical and Chemical Oceanography (OCE-9796253). DESCRIPTION: Coral radiocarbon (Delta-14C) on untreated, low-speed drilled samples. Precision is ~±3.5 per mil as documented by an in-house homogenized coral standard, and presented as AGE CORRECTED DELTA-14C [see Stuiver and Polach, 1977]. Coral cores were drilled in January 1990 from an exceptionally large Porites colony growing at a depth of 5 m at Padang Bai, Bali on the southern edge of Lombok Strait. The recovered coral cores span nearly 300 yr of growth and a long (1 mm resolved) stable isotope record can be found in the work of Charles et al. [2003]. We have focused our radiocarbon work on the uppermost ~70 cm of the coral which mainly covers the pre to postbomb period. The cores were cut into 9 mm slabs, ultrasonically cleaned in distilled water, and air dried. After identifying the major vertical growth axis, the coral was sequentially sampled at 2 mm increments with a low-speed drill. Where necessary, we overlapped parallel sample tracts in order to adequately splice sections together. Splits (1 mg) were reacted in vacuo in a modified autocarbonate device at 90C and the purified CO2 analyzed on a gas source stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The remaining sample splits (8-9 mg) were placed in individual reaction chambers, evacuated, heated, and acidified with orthophosphoric acid at 90C. The evolved CO2 was purified, trapped, and converted to graphite in the presence of iron catalyst and a stoichiometric excess of hydrogen [Vogel et al., 1987]. Graphite targets were measured at the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Radiocarbon results are reported in conventional per mil (%) notation as age corrected DELTA(14C) as defined by Stuiver and Polach [1977] and include a background correction using 14C-free calcite, and the d13C correction obtained from the stable isotope results. Analytical precision and accuracy of the radiocarbon measurements is ~±3.5% (1s sd). We created a preliminary age model based upon the seasonal structure within the d13C record and sclerochronology. The final, and reported age model is based on tuning preliminary age model relating the coral d18O to the seasonal cycle of (d18Ow) salinity and temperature. The seasonal extremes were anchored to March/April and September of each year consistent with instrumental observations of temperature, salinity, and cloudiness. In keeping with the definition of "high-precision radiocarbon" [Stuiver and Polach, 1977] the data have been rounded to zero significant figures. Padang Bai, Bali, Lombok Strait, Indonesia: 8°14'S, 115°30'E, 5m water depth DATA: Padang Bai, Bali, Lombok Strait, Indonesia Coral 14C Data In keeping with the definition of high-precision 14C results (Stuiver and Polach, 1977) the data have been rounded to zero significant figures. Missing values: NaN CAMS# Date 14C ± 61210 1990.04 94 3.5 61211 1989.88 95 3.5 61212 1989.71 93 3.5 61213 1989.54 98 3.5 61214 1989.38 95 3.5 61215 1989.21 93 3.5 61216 1989.04 92 3.5 61217 1988.9 98 3.5 61218 1988.76 83 3.5 61219 1988.61 82 3.5 61220 1988.47 94 3.5 61221 1988.33 99 3.5 61222 1988.18 93 3.5 61223 1988.04 100 3.5 61224 1987.88 92 3.5 61225 1987.71 82 3.5 61226 1987.54 84 3.5 61227 1987.38 88 3.5 61228 1987.21 100 3.5 61229 1987.04 96 3.5 61230 1986.92 95 3.5 61231 1986.79 101 3.5 61232 1986.67 95 3.5 61233 1986.54 94 3.5 61234 1986.42 95 3.5 61235 1986.29 105 3.5 61236 1986.17 105 3.5 61237 1986.04 102 3.5 61238 1985.9 102 3.5 61239 1985.76 99 3.5 61240 1985.61 95 3.5 61241 1985.47 104 3.5 61242 1985.33 110 3.5 61243 1985.18 108 3.5 61244 1985.04 107 3.5 61245 1984.9 108 3.5 NaN 1984.76 NaN NaN 61246 1984.61 104 3.5 61247 1984.47 107 3.5 61248 1984.33 100 3.5 61249 1984.18 111 3.5 61250 1984.04 118 3.5 61260 1983.92 116 3.5 61261 1983.79 88 3.5 61262 1983.67 86 3.5 61263 1983.54 85 3.5 61264 1983.42 92 3.5 61265 1983.29 116 3.5 61266 1983.17 113 3.5 61267 1983.04 110 3.5 NaN 1982.84 NaN NaN 61268 1982.64 100 3.5 61269 1982.44 109 3.5 61270 1982.24 112 3.5 61271 1982.04 115 3.5 61272 1981.9 114 3.5 61273 1981.76 111 3.5 61274 1981.61 107 3.5 61275 1981.47 91 3.5 61276 1981.33 98 3.5 61277 1981.18 108 3.5 61278 1981.04 113 3.5 61279 1980.92 108 3.5 61280 1980.79 119 3.5 61281 1980.67 109 3.5 61282 1980.54 106 3.5 61283 1980.42 107 3.5 61284 1980.29 114 3.5 61285 1980.17 128 3.5 61286 1980.04 121 3.5 61287 1979.92 124 3.5 61288 1979.79 116 3.5 61289 1979.67 106 3.5 61290 1979.54 107 3.5 61291 1979.42 117 3.5 61292 1979.29 110 3.5 61293 1979.17 130 3.5 61294 1979.04 121 3.5 61295 1978.93 122 3.5 61296 1978.82 119 3.5 61297 1978.71 117 3.5 61298 1978.6 111 3.5 61299 1978.49 122 3.5 61300 1978.38 125 3.5 61301 1978.26 131 3.5 61302 1978.15 119 3.5 61303 1978.04 120 3.5 61304&61308 1977.88 121 3.5 61305&61309 1977.71 107 3.5 61306&61310 1977.54 105 3.5 61311 1977.38 117 3.5 61481 1977.21 111 3.5 61482 1977.04 116 3.5 61483 1976.88 129 3.5 61484 1976.71 103 3.5 61485 1976.54 106 3.5 61486 1976.38 113 3.5 61487 1976.21 101 3.5 61488 1976.04 121 3.5 61489 1975.9 126 3.5 61490 1975.76 122 3.5 61491 1975.61 112 3.5 61492 1975.47 107 3.5 61493 1975.33 114 3.5 61494 1975.18 116 3.5 61495 1975.04 116 3.5 61496 1974.88 123 3.5 61497 1974.71 115 3.5 61498 1974.54 116 3.5 61499 1974.38 110 3.5 61500 1974.21 115 3.5 61501 1974.04 117 3.5 61502 1973.92 134 3.5 61503 1973.79 123 3.5 61504 1973.67 117 3.5 61505 1973.54 117 3.5 61506 1973.42 113 3.5 61507 1973.29 113 3.5 61508 1973.17 128 3.5 61509 1973.04 134 3.5 61510 1972.9 124 3.5 61511 1972.76 111 3.5 61512 1972.61 99 3.5 61513 1972.47 105 3.5 61514 1972.33 106 3.5 61515 1972.18 113 3.5 61516 1972.04 120 3.5 61517 1971.9 116 3.5 61518 1971.76 110 3.5 61519 1971.61 108 3.5 61520 1971.47 103 3.5 61521 1971.33 100 3.5 61522 1971.18 107 3.5 62726 1971.04 116 3.5 62727 1970.9 110 3.5 62728 1970.76 105 3.5 62729 1970.61 101 3.5 62730 1970.47 94 3.5 62731 1970.33 90 3.5 62732 1970.18 90 3.5 62733 1970.04 106 3.5 62734 1969.94 116 3.5 62735 1969.84 103 3.5 62736 1969.74 91 3.5 62737 1969.64 85 3.5 62738 1969.54 82 3.5 NaN 1969.44 NaN NaN 62739 1969.34 102 3.5 62740 1969.24 103 3.5 62741 1969.14 99 3.5 62742 1969.04 94 3.5 62743 1968.84 84 3.5 62744 1968.64 86 3.5 62745 1968.52 101 3.5 62746 1968.4 100 3.5 62747 1968.28 106 3.5 62748 1968.16 80 3.5 62749 1968.04 78 3.5 62750 1967.88 77 3.5 62751 1967.71 66 3.5 62752 1967.54 69 3.5 62753 1967.38 78 3.5 62754&62764 1967.21 96 3.5 62755&62765 1967.04 79 3.5 62756&62766 1966.9 73 3.5 62757&65913 1966.76 62 3.5 62758&65914 1966.61 53 3.5 65915 1966.47 58 3.5 65916 1966.33 73 3.5 65917 1966.18 71 3.5 65918 1966.04 51 3.5 65919 1965.84 45 3.5 65920 1965.64 32 3.5 65921 1965.44 32 3.5 65922 1965.24 43 3.5 65923 1965.04 45 3.5 65924 1964.88 41 3.5 65925 1964.71 42 3.5 65926 1964.54 28 3.5 65927 1964.38 15 3.5 65928 1964.21 19 3.5 65929 1964.04 22 3.5 65930 1963.88 17 3.5 65931 1963.71 2 3.5 65932 1963.54 -6 3.5 65933 1963.38 -8 3.5 65934 1963.21 -4 3.5 65935 1963.04 2 3.5 65936 1962.71 6 3.5 65937 1962.38 -16 3.5 65938 1962.04 -16 3.5 65939 1961.9 -22 3.5 65940 1961.76 -19 3.5 65941 1961.61 -17 3.5 65942 1961.47 -11 3.5 65943 1961.33 -25 3.5 65944 1961.18 -31 3.5 66449 1961.04 -17 3.5 66450 1960.9 -18 3.5 66451 1960.76 -21 3.5 66452 1960.61 -24 3.5 66453 1960.47 -27 3.5 66454 1960.33 -35 3.5 66455 1960.18 -36 3.5 66456 1960.04 -23 3.5 66457 1959.94 -25 3.5 66458 1959.84 -32 3.5 66459 1959.74 -34 3.5 66460 1959.64 -44 3.5 66461 1959.54 -38 3.5 66462 1959.44 -40 3.5 66463 1959.34 -35 3.5 66464 1959.24 -34 3.5 66465 1959.14 -39 3.5 66466 1959.04 -40 3.5 66467 1958.88 -47 3.5 66468 1958.71 -41 3.5 66469 1958.54 -44 3.5 66470 1958.38 -46 3.5 66471 1958.21 -46 3.5 66472 1958.04 -47 3.5 NaN 1957.88 NaN NaN 66473 1957.71 -52 3.5 66474 1957.54 -50 3.5 66475 1957.38 -46 3.5 66476 1957.21 -46 3.5 66477 1957.04 -50 3.5 66478 1956.88 -53 3.5 64816 1956.71 -47 3.5 64817 1956.54 -49 3.5 64818 1956.38 -43 3.5 64819 1956.21 -41 3.5 64820 1956.04 -46 3.5 64821 1955.94 -48 3.5 64822 1955.84 -54 3.5 64823 1955.74 -50 3.5 64824 1955.64 -42 3.5 64825 1955.48 -28 3.5 64826 1955.31 -35 3.5 64827 1955.14 -54 3.5 64828 1954.98 -62 3.5 64829 1954.81 -64 3.5 64830 1954.64 -65 3.5 64831 1954.68 -72 3.5 64832 1954.59 -64 3.5 64833 1954.41 -57 3.5 64834 1954.22 -61 3.5 64835 1954.04 -62 3.5 64836 1953.9 -65 3.5 64837 1953.76 -59 3.5 64838 1953.61 -60 3.5 64839 1953.47 -59 3.5 99560 1953.04 -67 3.5 99561 1952.9 -65 3.5 99562 1952.76 -68 3.5 99563 1952.61 -68 3.5 99564 1952.47 -66 3.5 99565 1952.33 -75 3.5 99568 1952.18 -67 3.5 99569 1952.04 -69 3.5 99570 1951.9 -62 3.5 99571 1951.76 -67 3.5 99572 1951.61 -73 3.5 99573 1951.47 -71 3.5 99574 1951.33 -65 3.5 99575 1951.18 -71 3.5 99576 1951.04 -64 3.5 99577 1950.94 -64 3.5 99578 1950.84 -63 3.5 99579 1950.74 -67 3.5 99580 1950.64 -70 3.5 99581 1950.54 -65 3.5 99582 1950.44 -69 3.5 99583 1950.34 -62 3.5 99584 1950.24 -68 3.5 99585 1950.14 -61 3.5 99586 1950.04 -68 3.5 99587 1949.9 -73 3.5 99588 1949.76 -58 3.5 99589 1949.61 -68 3.5 99590 1949.47 -64 3.5 99591 1949.33 -60 3.5 99592 1949.18 -61 3.5 99593 1949.04 -63 3.5 99594 1948.84 -64 3.5 99595 1948.64 -57 3.5 99596 1948.44 -64 3.5 99597 1948.24 -68 3.5 99598 1948.04 -66 3.5 99599 1947.93 -65 3.5 99600 1947.82 -61 3.5 99953 1947.71 -54 3.5 99954 1947.6 -61 3.5 99955 1947.49 -63 3.5 99956 1947.38 -57 3.5 99957 1947.26 -64 3.5 99958 1947.15 -63 3.5 99959 1947.04 -60 3.5 99960 1946.79 -58 3.5 99961 1946.54 -61 3.5 99962 1946.29 -62 3.5 99963 1946.04 -60 3.5 99964 1945.84 -57 3.5 99965 1945.64 -57 3.5 99966 1945.44 -53 3.5 99967 1945.24 -60 3.5 99968 1945.04 -55 3.5 99969 1944.92 -56 3.5 99970 1944.79 -60 3.5 99971 1944.67 -61 3.5 99972 1944.54 -62 3.5 99973 1944.42 -47 3.5 99974 1944.29 -61 3.5 99975 1944.17 -54 3.5 99976 1944.04 -56 3.5 99977 1943.9 -57 3.5 99978 1943.76 -60 3.5 99979 1943.61 -63 3.5 99980 1943.47 -66 3.5 99981 1943.33 -65 3.5 99982 1943.18 -57 3.5 99983 1943.04 -65 3.5 99984 1942.92 -55 3.5 99985 1942.79 -66 3.5 99986 1942.67 -62 3.5 99987 1942.54 -59 3.5 99988 1942.42 -62 3.5 99989 1942.29 -67 3.5 99990 1942.17 -56 3.5 99991 1942.04 -64 3.5 99992 1941.9 -61 3.5 99993 1941.76 -59 3.5 NaN 1941.61 NaN NaN 100119 1941.47 -69 3.5 100120 1941.33 -59 3.5 100121 1941.18 -64 3.5 100122 1941.04 -60 3.5 100123 1940.9 -63 3.5 100124 1940.76 -60 3.5 100125 1940.61 -63 3.5 100126 1940.47 -57 3.5 100127 1940.33 -62 3.5 100128 1940.18 -59 3.5 100129 1940.04 -66 3.5 100130 1939.9 -62 3.5 100131 1939.76 -59 3.5 100132 1939.61 -64 3.5 100133 1939.47 -63 3.5 100134 1939.33 -62 3.5 100135 1939.18 -56 3.5 100136 1939.04 -60 3.5 100137 1938.92 -62 3.5 100138 1938.79 -60 3.5 100139 1938.67 -67 3.5 100140 1938.54 -59 3.5 100141 1938.42 -62 3.5 100142 1938.29 -62 3.5 100143 1938.17 -60 3.5 100144 1938.04 -59 3.5 100145 1937.92 -50 3.5 100146 1937.79 -53 3.5 100147 1937.67 -57 3.5 100148 1937.54 -57 3.5 100149 1937.42 -54 3.5