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  <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Episodes of late Holocene aridity recorded by stalagmites from Devil&apos;s Icebox Cave, central Missouri, USA</dc:title>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Denniston, R.F.; DuPree, M.; Dorale, J.A.; Asmerom, Y.; Polyak, V.J.; Carpenter, S.J.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Denniston, R.F.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">DuPree, M.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Dorale, J.A.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Asmerom, Y.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Polyak, V.J.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Carpenter, S.J.</dc:creator>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">drought</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/speleothems (age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,speleothems,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/speleothems (delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/speleothems (delta 13C,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/speleothems</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/speleothems</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows"> (Devil&apos;s Icebox&gt;LATITUDE 38.9&gt;LONGITUDE -92.3)</dc:subject>
  <dc:description xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Two stalagmites from Devil&apos;s Icebox Cave, central Missouri, display similar δ13C and δ18O values and trends during the late Holocene. Positive δ13C excursions at 3.5–2.6 ka and 1.2–0.9 ka are interpreted to reflect drier conditions. These elevated stalagmite δ13C values could have plausibly been driven by increasing C4 plant abundances over the cave or an increased contribution of bedrock carbon, both of which could reflect decreased effective moisture. A lack of corresponding oxygen isotopic anomalies during these intervals suggests that neither mean annual temperature nor the seasonality of precipitation changed concomitantly with dryness. Both of the δ13C excursions identified in our stalagmite record are roughly coincident with dry intervals from a number of sites located across the Great Plains.</dc:description>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">NCDC-Paleoclimatology</dc:publisher>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce</dc:publisher>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Denniston, R.F.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : DuPree, M.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Dorale, J.A.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Asmerom, Y.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Polyak, V.J.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Carpenter, S.J.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:date xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">2013-08-16</dc:date>
  <dc:type xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">ONLINE Files</dc:type>
  <dc:format xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">online, ASCII</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15072</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/missouri/devilsicebox2007dib-2.txt</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/missouri/devilsicebox2007dib-1.txt</dc:identifier>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/missouri/devilsicebox2007dib-2.txt</dc:source>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/missouri/devilsicebox2007dib-1.txt</dc:source>
  <dc:language xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">English</dc:language>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15072</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/missouri/devilsicebox2007dib-2.txt</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/missouri/devilsicebox2007dib-1.txt</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Denniston, R.F., DuPree, M., Dorale, J.A., Asmerom, Y., Polyak, V.J. and Carpenter S.J. (2007) Episodes of Increased Aridity in the Late Holocene Recorded by Stalagmites from Devils Icebox Cave, Central Missouri, USA. Quaternary Research, 68, 45-52.
</dc:relation>
  <dc:coverage xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">START YEAR: 3649 cal yr BP  * END YEAR: 740 cal yr BP</dc:coverage>
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   <ows:LowerCorner>-92.3  38.9</ows:LowerCorner>
   <ows:UpperCorner>-92.3  38.9</ows:UpperCorner>
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