Mangini et al. 2005 Spannagel Cave Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data and Temperature Reconstruction Mangini, A.; Spötl, C.; Verdes, P. Mangini, A. Spötl, C. Verdes, P. Air Temperature Reconstruction earth science/paleoclimate/speleothems (delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,raw,continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|speleothems (surface air temperature,delta 18O,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions|speleothems,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|speleothems (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|speleothems,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|speleothems (age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,climate reconstructions|speleothems,null,null,N,present defined as 2000 CE) earth science/paleoclimate/speleothems (Spannagel Cave>LATITUDE 47.09>LONGITUDE 11.67) The precisely dated isotopic composition of a stalagmite from Spannagel Cave in the Central Alps is translated into a highly resolved record of temperature at high elevation during the past 2000 yr. Temperature maxima during the Medieval Warm Period between 800 and 1300 AD are in average about 1.7°C higher than the minima in the Little Ice Age and similar to present-day values. The high correlation of this record to d14C suggests that solar variability was a major driver of climate in Central Europe during the past 2 millennia. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Mangini, A. Investigator : Spötl, C. Investigator : Verdes, P. 2005-07-01 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5433 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/europe/austria/spannagel2005.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/europe/austria/spannagel2005.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5433 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/europe/austria/spannagel2005.txt Mangini, A.;Spoetl, C.;Verdes, P. 2005. Reconstruction of temperature in the Central Alps during the past 2000 yr from a d18O stalagmite record. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 235, Issues 3-4, Pages 741-751, 15 July 2005. START YEAR: -90 AD * END YEAR: 1935 AD 11.67 47.09 11.67 47.09