Holzkaemper et al. 2009 Wolkberg Cave Stable Isotope Data Holzkämper, S.; Holmgren, K.; Lee-Thorp, J.A.; Talma, A.S.; Mangini, A.; Partridge, T.C. Holzkämper, S. Holmgren, K. Lee-Thorp, J.A. Talma, A.S. Mangini, A. Partridge, T.C. earth science/paleoclimate/speleothems (delta 13C,calcium carbonate,null,per mil PDB,null,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/speleothems (age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,speleothems,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/speleothems (delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil PDB,null,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/speleothems earth science/paleoclimate/speleothems (Wolkberg Cave>LATITUDE -24.1>LONGITUDE 29.883) Little is known about the sequence of climate and environmental change in southern Africa during the last glacial period, in spite of the intimations from records, such as Antarctic ice cores and archaeological sites, that very marked changes took place which would have had profound effects on vegetation and animal distributions across the sub-continent. High-resolution, (semi-) continuous climate and environmental records can be extracted from suitable cave speleothems. Speleothems are reasonably abundant in southern Africa, but their occurrence is patchy in time and space and the records can be difficult to interpret. Here we report our assessment of the stalagmite W5 from Wolkberg Cave in the northeastern part of South Africa, as an archive for glacial-period climatic and environmental shifts. The cave is located at 1450 m asl, in the dolomitic limestones of the Transvaal System in an area currently dominated by C4 grass vegetation. Nine U/Th dates show growth from 58 to 46 ka, and a second brief phase ca. 40 ka, indicating that the availablemoisture was sufficient to allow speleothems to form. The d18O and d13C values along the growth axis show variability in the order of 2 per mil for the former, while variability in the latter is characterized by a shift from values near -2 per mil in the older section to +2 per mil or more in the younger part. These high d13C values are probably the combined result of CO2 degassing of the percolating soil water prior to the carbonate precipitation in the cave chamber, the increasing dominance of C4 over C3 vegetation, and the high percentage of aragonite towards the stalagmite's top. The retrieved data point towards increasingly drier and colder conditions during the growth period of the stalagmite. Furthermore, the high-frequency variations of d18O values indicate the presence of short term climate oscillations that are probably linked to shifts of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Holzkämper, S. Investigator : Holmgren, K. Investigator : Lee-Thorp, J.A. Investigator : Talma, A.S. Investigator : Mangini, A. Investigator : Partridge, T.C. 2009-07-01 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8631 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/wolkberg2009.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/wolkberg2009.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8631 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/wolkberg2009.txt Holzkämper, S., Holmgren, K., Lee-Thorp, J.A., Talma, A.S., Mangini, A., Partridge, T.C. 2009. Late Pleistocene stalagmite growth in Wolkberg Cave, South Africa. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 282, 212-221. START YEAR: -55930 AD * END YEAR: -37800 AD 29.883 -24.1 29.883 -24.1