Papua New Guinea 230 Year Fossil and Modern Coral Isotope and Sr/Ca Data Hereid, K.A.; Quinn, T.M.; Taylor, F.W.; Shen, C.-C.; Edwards, R.L.; Cheng, H. Hereid, K.A. Quinn, T.M. Taylor, F.W. Shen, C.-C. Edwards, R.L. Cheng, H. Little Ice Age (LIA) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (strontium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,millimole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (strontium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,millimole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,composited|interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,composited|filtered|interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (strontium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,millimole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,composited|interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,filtered|interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (Misima>LATITUDE -10.6907>LONGITUDE 152.8115) El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) powers global interannual climate variability through changes in trade wind strength, temperature and salinity anomalies, sea level, and atmospheric circulation patterns. ENSO variability is well characterized in modern times, but instrumental records cannot fully describe natural ENSO variability due to the imprint of anthropogenic climate forcing. ENSO activity may also be affected by solar variability, but the response of ENSO to such changes is difficult to predict. We constructed a continuous, monthly resolved, spliced fossil Porites coral d18O and Sr/Ca record from Misima Island, Papua New Guinea, in the Western Pacific Warm Pool, spanning 233 yr (1411-1644 CE [Common Era]). The Misima coral record indicates that the surface ocean in this region experienced a small change in hydrologic balance with no change in temperature, extended periods of quiescence in El Niño activity, and no change in average amplitudes of El Niño events relative to signals captured in regional modern records. The reduced El Niño variability occurs during a known change in solar forcing, the initiation of the Little Ice Age. However, there is no clear relationship between the timing of changes in solar forcing and ENSO activity, implying that ENSO variability changes arise from internal dynamics. The century-scale switch between active and inactive El Niño states has not previously been recorded, and provides a new baseline for climate models and reconstructions. STUDY NOTES: Coral Sr/Ca and oxygen isotopes from a suite of fossil and near-modern Porites colonies were collected from storm deposits at Misima Island, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Nariam Village Reef. The data are analyzed to investigate mean climate changes and ENSO variability during the initiation of the Little Ice Age. The compiled fossil record is 233 years long, and the near-modern record is 28 years long. Analytical precision on stable isotopic determinations is 0.05 per mil for d18O, and 0.02 per mil for d13C (1sigma, n = 393). Analytical precision for Sr/Ca ratios is 0.015 mmol/mol (1sigma). Isotopic values are reported in delta notation relative to the Vienna PeeDee Belemnite (VPDB) isotopic standard. Notes: Fossil samples MiF and MiG, age range: 1411.625-1644.625 CE. Modern sample MiC, age range: 1916.958-1944.958 CE. Resampled = linear resampling to monthly resolution. Filtered = wavelet filter, 2-8 years. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Hereid, K.A. Investigator : Quinn, T.M. Investigator : Taylor, F.W. Investigator : Shen, C.-C. Investigator : Edwards, R.L. Investigator : Cheng, H. 2013-12-20 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15794 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mic-resampled.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/Misima2013.xlsx https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013fossil-raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mif-raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013fossil-resampled.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mic-filtered.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mig-raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013fossil-filtered.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mic-raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mic-resampled.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/Misima2013.xlsx https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013fossil-raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mif-raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013fossil-resampled.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mic-filtered.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mig-raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013fossil-filtered.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mic-raw.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15794 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mic-resampled.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/Misima2013.xlsx https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013fossil-raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mif-raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013fossil-resampled.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mic-filtered.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mig-raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013fossil-filtered.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mic-raw.txt Kelly A. Hereid, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Chuan-Chou Shen, R. Lawrence Edwards and Hai Cheng2013Coral record of reduced El Niño activity in the early 15th to middle 17th centuriesGeology41151-5410.1130/G33510.1 START YEAR: 1411 AD * END YEAR: 1945 AD 152.8115 -10.6907 152.8115 -10.6907