Fiji Coral Annual Average d18O and Sr/Ca Data Linsley, B.K.; Kaplan, A.; Gouriou, Y.; Salinger, J.; deMenocal, P.B.; Wellington, G.M.; Howe, S.S. Linsley, B.K. Kaplan, A. Gouriou, Y. Salinger, J. deMenocal, P.B. Wellington, G.M. Howe, S.S. earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges (sea surface temperature,strontium/calcium,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (strontium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,millimole per mole,annual,corals and sclerosponges,averaged|corrected,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,corrected by -0.14 mmol/mol) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,annual,corals and sclerosponges,anomalized|averaged,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,anomalized to 1990-1999 AD) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,annual,corals and sclerosponges,averaged,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (strontium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,millimole per mole,annual,corals and sclerosponges,averaged,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,annual,corals and sclerosponges,anomalized|averaged,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (Savusavu Bay>LATITUDE -16.82>LONGITUDE 179.23) The Earth's climate system is driven by a complex interplay of internal chaotic dynamics and natural and anthropogenic external forcing. Recent instrumental data have shown a remarkable degree of asynchronicity between Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere temperature fluctuations, thereby questioning the relative importance of internal versus external drivers of past as well as future climate variability. However, large-scale temperature reconstructions for the past millennium have focused on the Northern Hemisphere, limiting empirical assessments of inter-hemispheric variability on multi-decadal to centennial timescales. Here, we introduce a new millennial ensemble reconstruction of annually resolved temperature variations for the Southern Hemisphere based on an unprecedented network of terrestrial and oceanic palaeoclimate proxy records. In conjunction with an independent Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction ensemble, this record reveals an extended cold period (1594-1677) in both hemispheres but no globally coherent warm phase during the pre-industrial (1000-1850) era. The current (post-1974) warm phase is the only period of the past millennium where both hemispheres are likely to have experienced contemporaneous warm extremes. Our analysis of inter-hemispheric temperature variability in an ensemble of climate model simulations for the past millennium suggests that models tend to overemphasize Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere synchronicity by underestimating the role of internal ocean-atmosphere dynamics, particularly in the ocean-dominated Southern Hemisphere. Our results imply that climate system predictability on decadal to century timescales may be lower than expected based on assessments of external climate forcing and Northern Hemisphere temperature variations alone. STUDY NOTES: Cores Fiji 1F and Fiji AB were drilled from Porites lutea colonies within 200m of each other. Fiji core 1F was collected in April 1997 in Savusavu Bay, Fiji. A 2.3 m coral core was recovered from a P. lutea colony growing at a depth of 10 m in the middle of Savusavu Bay on the south side of the island of Vanua Levu, Fiji (16°49'S, 179°14'E). Fiji core AB was collected in December 2001. Fiji core AB is 3.89m long continuous coral core from a colony of Porites lutea growing at 10 m depth in Savusavu Bay, Vanua Levu, Fiji (16°49'S, 179°14'E) (within 200 m of core 1F collected in 1997). METHODS SUMMARY For both Fiji 1F and Fiji AB coral slabs 7 mm thick were cut from the cores and cleaned in deionized water in an ultrasonic bath and with a probe sonicator. Dry slabs were sampled with a low-speed micro-drill along tracks parallel to corallite traces as identified in X-ray positives with a 1 mm round diamond drill bit. The X-ray collage for Fiji 1F was published in Linsley et al. (2004). Sr/Ca was measured at 1 mm resolution (12–13 samples per year) and d18O was measured at 2 mm resolution on the same samples (analyzing every other sample or 6–7 samples per year) in both Fiji cores. We measured oxygen isotope ratios on a Micromass Optima gas source mass spectrometer at the University at Albany-State University of New York with an individual acid reaction vessel system. External precision was better than 0.05 per mil for d18O based on analyses of 657 (13.5%) replicate samples. We used an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectro-photometer (ICP-AES) at Harvard University to measure coral skeletal Sr/Ca in Fiji core 1F following a technique described in detail by Schrag (1999). The external precision is better than 0.15% (RSD) based on analyses of replicate samples (10% replicates). Fiji 1F Sr/Ca data was further corrected by -0.14 mmol/mol to adjust for lab offset with the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory ICP-OES where Sr/Ca was measured on other cores in Dr. Linsley's collection. To construct the Fiji 1F and AB chronologies we tied the annual minima in Sr/Ca and/or d18O to February (on average the warmest month) and maximum Sr/Ca and d18O to August/September (on average the coolest months). Thus there were 2 tie-points per year. To generate the annual averages we then averaged all data with each calendar year. All mm-scale data. see methods in Linsley et al. (2004) and Linsley et al. (2006). NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Linsley, B.K. Investigator : Kaplan, A. Investigator : Gouriou, Y. Investigator : Salinger, J. Investigator : deMenocal, P.B. Investigator : Wellington, G.M. Investigator : Howe, S.S. 2014-03-31 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16216 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/linsley2006/linsley2006-AB.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/linsley2006/linsley2006-1f.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/linsley2006/linsley2006-AB.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/linsley2006/linsley2006-1f.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16216 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/linsley2006/linsley2006-AB.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/linsley2006/linsley2006-1f.txt Linsley, B.K., A. Kaplan, Y. Gouriou, J. Salinger, P.B. deMenocal, G.M. Wellington, and S.S. Howe2006Tracking the extent of the South Pacific Convergence Zone since the early 1600sGeochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems7Q0500310.1029/2005GC001115 Raphael Neukom, Joëlle Gergis, David J. Karoly, Heinz Wanner, Mark Curran, Julie Elbert, Fidel González-Rouco, Braddock K. Linsley, Andrew D. Moy, Ignacio Mundo, Christoph C. Raible, Eric J. Steig, Tas van Ommen, Tessa Vance, Ricardo Villalba, Jens Zinke, and David Frank2014Inter-hemispheric temperature variability over the past millenniumNature Climate Change10.1038/nclimate2174http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate2174.html Linsley, B.K., G.M. Wellington, D.P. Schrag, L. Ren, M.J. Salinger, and A.W. Tudhope2004Coral evidence for changes in the amplitude and spatial pattern of South Pacific interdecadal climate variability over the last 300 yearsClimate Dynamics221-1110.1007/s00382-003-0364-y START YEAR: 1617 AD * END YEAR: 2001 AD 179.23 -16.82 179.23 -16.82