Kupang Bay, Timor Coral d18O and Sr/Ca Data for the 20th Century Cahyarini, S.Y.; Pfeiffer, M.; Nurhati, I.S.; Aldrian, E.; Dullo, W.-C.; Hetzinger, S. Cahyarini, S.Y. Pfeiffer, M. Nurhati, I.S. Aldrian, E. Dullo, W.-C. Hetzinger, S. earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (strontium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,millimole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (Kupang Bay>LATITUDE -10.12>LONGITUDE 123.31) The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which represents the global ocean circulation connecting the Pacific Warm Pool to the Indian Ocean, strongly influences the Indo-Pacific climate. ITF monitoring since the late 1990s using mooring buoys have provided insights on seasonal and interannual time scales. However, the absence of longer records limits our perspective on its evolution over the past century. Here, we present sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) proxy records from Timor Island located at the ITF exit passage via paired coral d18O and Sr/Ca measurements spanning the period 1914–2004. These high resolution proxy based climate data of the last century highlights improvements and cautions when interpreting paleoclimate records of the Indonesian region. If the seasonality of SST and SSS is not perfectly in phase, the application of coral Sr/Ca thermometry improves SST reconstructions compared to estimates based on coral d18O only. Our records also underline the importance of ocean advection besides rainfall on local SSS in the region. Although the El Ni~no/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) causes larger anomalies relative to the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Timor coral-based SST and SSS records robustly correlate with IOD on interannual time scales, whereas ENSO only modifies Timor SST. Similarly, Timor SST and SSS are strongly linked to Indian Ocean decadal-scale variations that appear to lead Timor oceanographic conditions by about 1.6–2 years. Our study sheds new light on the complex signatures of Indo-Pacific climate modes on SST and SSS dynamics of the ITF. STUDY NOTES: paleoceanography at the ITF exit passages, reconstruction salinity based on paired coral Sr/Ca & d18O Provided Keywords: trace element,SST,SSS Porites coral NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Cahyarini, S.Y. Investigator : Pfeiffer, M. Investigator : Nurhati, I.S. Investigator : Aldrian, E. Investigator : Dullo, W.-C. Investigator : Hetzinger, S. 2015-09-01 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19179 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/cahyarini2014/cahyarini2014.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/cahyarini2014/cahyarini2014.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19179 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/cahyarini2014/cahyarini2014.txt Cahyarini, S.Y., M. Pfeiffer, I.S. Nurhati, E. Aldrian, W.-C. Dullo, and S. Hetzinger2014Twentieth century sea surface temperature and salinity variations at Timor inferred from paired coral d18O and Sr/Ca measurementsJournal of Geophysical Research: Oceans1194593–460410.1002/2013JC009594 START YEAR: 1914 AD * END YEAR: 2004 AD 123.31 -10.12 123.31 -10.12