Ogasawara Coral Data and Salinity Reconstruction Felis, T.; Suzuki, A.; Kuhnert, H.; Dima, M.; Lohmann, G.; Kawahata, H. Felis, T. Suzuki, A. Kuhnert, H. Dima, M. Lohmann, G. Kawahata, H. Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (age,null,null,meter,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (uranium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,micromole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (uranium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,micromole per mole,annual,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (delta 13C,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,annual,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,annual,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (delta 13C,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (strontium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,millimole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (strontium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,millimole per mole,annual,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges (delta 18O,delta 18O|sea water|strontium/calcium,null,per mil VPDB,annual,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,anomalized,null,N,reference period: 1975-1994 A.D.) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (extension rate,Porites sp.,null,centimeter per year,annual,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges earth science/paleoclimate/corals and sclerosponges (Miyanohama (Chichijima) Reef>LATITUDE 27.1>LONGITUDE 142.2) Instrumental climate observations provide robust records of global land and ocean temperatures during the twentieth century. Unlike for temperature, continuous salinity observations in the surface ocean are scarce prior to 1970, and the magnitude of salinity changes during the twentieth century is largely unknown. Surface ocean salinity is a major component in climate dynamics, as it influences ocean circulation and water mass formation. Here we present an annually resolved reconstruction of salinity variations in the surface waters of the western subtropical North Pacific Ocean since 1873, based on bimonthly records of d18O, Sr/Ca, and U/Ca in a coral from the Ogasawara Islands. The reconstruction indicates that an abrupt regime shift toward fresher surface ocean conditions occurred between 1905 and 1910. Observational atmospheric data suggest that the abrupt freshening was associated with a weakening of the winds that drive the Kuroshio Current system and the associated subtropical gyre circulation. We note that the abrupt early-twentieth-century freshening in the western subtropical North Pacific precedes abrupt climate change in the northern North Atlantic by a few years. The potential for abrupt regime shifts in surface ocean salinity should be considered in climate predictions for the coming decades. STUDY NOTES: Two annually resolved reconstructions of d18O seawater (salinity) variations in the surface waters of the western subtropical North Pacific Ocean were generated by combining the annual average coral d18O record with the Sr/Ca and U/Ca records, respectively. Core OGA-02-1 was drilled vertically through a living Porites coral at Miyanohama on the north coast of Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands (Japan), located in the southwestward return flow of the Kuroshio recirculation system. The massive colony, growing at 5.6 m water depth on the island's northern side (27° 6.355’ N, 142° 11.645’ E), is directly exposed to open-ocean conditions. The core is without gap over its total length of 1.74 m. Individual segments fit seamlessly. The bimonthly resolved records of d18O, Sr/Ca, and U/Ca generated from the coral skeleton show clear annual cycles that can be counted back to the year 1873. This age model is corroborated by the skeletal pattern of annual density-band pairs as revealed by X-radiographs. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Felis, T. Investigator : Suzuki, A. Investigator : Kuhnert, H. Investigator : Dima, M. Investigator : Lohmann, G. Investigator : Kawahata, H. 2009-06-01 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8608 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/felis2009-mon_noaa.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/felis2009-ann_noaa.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/ogasawara2009.xls https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/felis2009-mon_noaa.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/felis2009-ann_noaa.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/ogasawara2009.xls English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8608 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/felis2009-mon_noaa.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/felis2009-ann_noaa.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/ogasawara2009.xls Felis, T., A. Suzuki, H. Kuhnert, M. Dima, G. Lohmann, and H. Kawahata. 2009. Subtropical coral reveals abrupt early-twentieth-century freshening in the western North Pacific Ocean. Geology, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 527-530, June 2009. doi:10.1130/G25581A.1 START YEAR: 1872 AD * END YEAR: 1994 AD 142.2 27.1 142.2 27.1