Koszeg, Hungary 392Yr Documentary May-July Temperature Reconstruction Kiss, A.; Wilson, R.J.S.; Bariska, I. Kiss, A. Wilson, R.J.S. Bariska, I. Air Temperature Reconstruction Little Ice Age (LIA) earth science/paleoclimate/historical (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,historical,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/historical (phenological event,null,null,day,null,historical,null,null,N,day after October 1; starting date of collecting church tax - wine) earth science/paleoclimate/historical (phenological event,null,null,day,null,historical,null,null,N,day after July 1; starting date of collecting church tax - cereals) earth science/paleoclimate/historical (grape harvest date,null,null,day,null,historical,null,null,N,day after September 1; starting date of common grapevine harvest) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,May-Jul,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/historical (phenological event,null,null,dimensionless,null,historical,null,null,N,"5-scale indexing of descriptive annual wine quality information (1=very bad, 2=bad, 0=average, mediocre, 1=good, 2=very good, excellent) ") earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|historical (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|historical,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|historical (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,May-Jul,climate reconstructions|historical,null,regression analysis,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/historical (phenological event,null,null,day,null,historical,null,null,N,day after July 1; announcing the appearance of ripened grapes; election date of vine shepherds (guarding vineyards)) earth science/paleoclimate/historical earth science/paleoclimate/historical earth science/paleoclimate/historical (Koszeg>LATITUDE 47.3833>LONGITUDE 16.5333) The reconstructed series concerning the period of 1618-1873, based on five vine- and grain-related historical phenological series, is derived from documentary evidence, from the town of Koszeg in West-Hungary. We apply dendrochronological methods for both signal assessment of the phenological series and the resultant temperature reconstruction. As a proof of concept, the present reconstruction explains 57% of the temperature variance of May-July Budapest mean temperatures (calibration period: 1780-1873) and is well verified with coefficient of efficiency values in excess of 0.45. The developed temperature reconstruction portrays warm conditions during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries with a period of cooling until the coldest reconstructed period centred around 1815, which was followed by a period of warming until the 1860s. The phenological evidence analysed here represent an important data source from which non-biased estimates of past climate can be derived that may provide information at all possible time-scales. Comparison with other Central and West-European vine- and grain-phenology based temperature reconstructions proved strong coherence between the series. STUDY NOTES: The reconstruction of May-July temperatures for Koszeg, Hungary, is based on documentary evidence of vine and cereal cultivation and taxation processes. Town council meeting protocols, tithe (church) tax accounts and the Book of Vinesprouts provide regular information every year on the beginning and end (harvest) of grapevine ripening and the harvest date-connected starting dates of tax collections, both concerning wine and cereals (mainly wheat, partly rye). Annual wine quality information was also included in the form of indices (5-scale). Since all data, included in the reconstruction, refers to a period well after introducing the Gregorian Calendar in the area, no dating-adjustment or transformation was needed. As the five phenological series are on different scales (dates vs. indices), they were first standardized to z-scores (zero mean and unit standard deviation) relative to the 1780-1847 most replicated period. These transformed series were then averaged together. Unlike the raw phenological series, the composite record is normally distributed, and could be used as a predictor variable for ordinary least square regression-based calibration. Location: Koszeg, Hungary: 47°23'N, 16°32'E. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Kiss, A. Investigator : Wilson, R.J.S. Investigator : Bariska, I. 2012-07-23 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13138 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/hungary/koszeg2011temperature.xls https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/hungary/koszeg2011temperature.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/hungary/koszeg2011temperature.xls https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/hungary/koszeg2011temperature.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13138 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/hungary/koszeg2011temperature.xls https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/hungary/koszeg2011temperature.txt Kiss, A., R. Wilson, and I. Bariska. 2011. An experimental 392-year documentary-based multi proxy (vine and grain) reconstruction of May-July temperatures for Koszeg, West-Hungary. International Journal of Biometeorology, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 595-611. DOI 10.1007/s00484-010-0367-4 START YEAR: 1618 AD * END YEAR: 2006 AD 16.5333 47.3833 16.5333 47.3833