The Tallinn, Estonia temperature series reconstructed back half a millennium by use of proxy data Tarand, A.; Nordli, P.Ø. Tarand, A. Nordli, P.Ø. Air Temperature Reconstruction earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|historical (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,winter,climate reconstructions|historical,null,null,N,based on ice break-up and rye harvest dates; ice break-up: 1 deg C; max. 3 deg C; rye harvest: 0.4-06. deg C) earth science/paleoclimate/historical (ice break-up date,null,null,day of year,null,historical,null,null,N,ice break-up: difference is only 1.3 days with a standard deviation of 8.5 days) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|historical (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|historical,null,null,N,null) (Tallinn>LATITUDE 59.4>LONGITUDE 24.75) In order to extend the Tallinn temperature series backward in time, three different climate proxies were used. These were: the first day of ice break-up in Tallinn port, a proxy for the mean winter air temperature (December to March); the first day of ice break-up on the rivers in northern Estonia, a proxy for the beginning of spring; and, the first day of the rye harvest, a proxy for the mean air temperature in spring and summer (April to July). On the basis of these proxies the mean winter temperature could be extended back to the year AD 1500, and the spring and summer temperature back to 1731. The series of winter temperatures was analysed for long-term trends and variations on different timescales. The most striking feature is the warming of the winters from about the mid nineteenth century to the present. The warming is especially noticeable over the latest decades. The climate from the start of the series (AD 1500) to the mid nineteenth century was in general somewhat colder, and should be recognised as a part of the Little Ice Age, though the period was intercepted by warmer winters in the first half of the eighteenth century. STUDY NOTES: In order to extend the Tallinn temperature series backward in time three different climate proxies were used. These were: the first day of ice break-up in Tallinn port a proxy for the mean winter air temperature (December to March); the first day of ice break-up on the rivers in northern Estonia a proxy for the beginning of spring; and the first day of the rye harvest a proxy for the mean air temperature in spring and summer (April to July). On the basis of these proxies the mean winter temperature could be extended back to the year AD 1500 and the spring and summer temperature back to 1731.;The temperature reconstruction is preferred from this site. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Tarand, A. Investigator : Nordli, P.Ø. 2017-05-19 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22834 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Eur-Tallinn.Tarand.2001.lpd https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Eur-Tallinn.Tarand.2001.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/estonia/tallinn-estonia-last-500-years-temp.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Eur-Tallinn.Tarand.2001.lpd https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Eur-Tallinn.Tarand.2001.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/estonia/tallinn-estonia-last-500-years-temp.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22834 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Eur-Tallinn.Tarand.2001.lpd https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Eur-Tallinn.Tarand.2001.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/estonia/tallinn-estonia-last-500-years-temp.txt Tarand, A.;Nordli, P.Ø.2001The Tallinn temperature series reconstructed back half a millennium by use of proxy dataClimatic Change481189-19910.1023/A:1005673628980 START YEAR: 1500 AD * END YEAR: 2000 AD 24.75 59.4 24.75 59.4