GISP2 Ice Core 16000 Year Bidecadal Oxygen Isotope Data Stuiver, M.; Braziunas, T.F.; Grootes, P.M.; Zielinski, G.A. Stuiver, M. Braziunas, T.F. Grootes, P.M. Zielinski, G.A. earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (age at sample start,null,null,calendar year before present,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (depth at sample start,null,null,meter,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (delta 18O,bulk ice,null,per mil SMOW,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice core (GISP2>LATITUDE 72.6>LONGITUDE -38.5) Changes in solar constant over an 11 yr cycle suggest a certain, but limited, degree of solar forcing of climate. The high-resolution climate (oxygen isotope) record of the Greenland GISP2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2) ice core has been analyzed for solar (and volcanic) influences. The atmospheric14C record is used as a proxy of solar change and compared to the oxygen isotope profile in the GISP2 ice core. An annual oxygen isotope profile is derived from centimeter-scale isotope measurements available for the post-A.D. 818 interval. Associated extreme summer and winter isotope ratios were found to yield similar climate information over the last millennium. The detailed record of volcanic aerosols, converted to optical depth and volcanic explosivity change, was also compared to the isotope record and the oxygen isotope response calibrated to short-term volcanic influences on climate. This calibration shows that century-scale volcanic modulation of the GISP2 oxygen isotope record can be neglected in our analysis of solar forcing. The timing, estimated order of temperature change, and phase lag of several maxima in14C and minima in18O are suggestive of a solar component to the forcing of Greenland climate over the current millennium. The fractional climate response of the cold interval associated with the Maunder sunspot minimum (and14C maximum), as well as the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age temperature trend of the past millennium, are compatible with solar climate forcing, with an order of magnitude of solar constant change of -0.3%. Even though solar forcing of climate for the current millennium is a reasonable hypothesis, for the rest of the Holocene the century-scale events are more frequent in the oxygen isotope record than in the14C record and a significant correlation is absent. For this interval, oceanic/atmospheric circulation forcing of climate may dominate. Solar forcing during the surprisingly strong 1470 yr climate cycle of the 11,000-75,000 yr B.P. interval is rather hypothetical. STUDY NOTES: This file contains the GISP2 bidecadal delta 18O data set back to 16,510 yr B.P., measured at the Quaternary Isotope Laboratory, University of Washington, as of February 1st, 1997. The timescale includes revisions by D. A. Meese as of September 1994. The GISP2 depths below 167 meters are those of the D core; above 167 meters the core depths are those of the B core + 1.09 meters. See the file gisp2age.dat for further information on the timescale. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Stuiver, M. Investigator : Braziunas, T.F. Investigator : Grootes, P.M. Investigator : Zielinski, G.A. 1997-11-30 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17795 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/isotopes/d18o20y.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/isotopes/d18o20y.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17795 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/isotopes/d18o20y.txt M. Stuiver, T.F. Braziunas, P.M. Grootes, G.A. Zielinski1997Is There Evidence for Solar Forcing of Climate in the GISP2 Oxygen Isotope Record?Quaternary Research483259-26610.1006/qres.1997.1931http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589497919311 Minze Stuiver, Pieter M. Grootes, Thomas F. Braziunas1995The GISP2 d18O Climate Record of the Past 16,500 Years and the Role of the Sun, Ocean, and VolcanoesQuaternary Research443341-35410.1006/qres.1995.1079http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589485710794 START YEAR: 16490 cal yr BP * END YEAR: -30 cal yr BP -38.5 72.6 -38.5 72.6