Illimani Ice Core 2000 Year Pb Concentration and Pb Isotope Data Eichler, A.; Gramlich, G.; Kellerhals, T.; Tobler, L.; Schwikowski, M. Eichler, A. Gramlich, G. Kellerhals, T. Tobler, L. Schwikowski, M. earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (cerium,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,median) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (lead,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,filtered,null,N,crustal enrichment factor) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (ice age,null,null,year Common Era,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (208Pb/207Pb,bulk ice,one standard error,dimensionless,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (206Pb/207Pb,bulk ice,null,dimensionless,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (cerium,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,filtered,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (lead,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,filtered,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (206Pb/207Pb,bulk ice,one standard error,dimensionless,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (lead,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,median crustal enrichment factor) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (208Pb/207Pb,bulk ice,null,dimensionless,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (lead,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,median) earth science/paleoclimate/ice core (Illimani>LATITUDE -16.6167>LONGITUDE -67.7667) Exploitation of the extensive polymetallic deposits of the Andean Altiplano in South America since pre-colonial times has caused substantial emissions of neurotoxic Pb into the atmosphere, however, its historical significance compared to recent Pb pollution from leaded gasoline is not yet resolved. Here we present a comprehensive, two millennia Pb emission history for South America, based on a continuous, high resolution, ice core record from Illimani glacier. Illimani is the highest mountain of the eastern Bolivian Andes and is located at the northeastern margin of the Andean Altiplano. The ice core Pb deposition history revealed enhanced Pb Enrichment Factors (EFs) due to metallurgical processing for silver production during periods of the Tiwanaku/Wari culture (AD 450-950), the Inca empires (AD 1450-1532), colonial times (AD 1532-1900), and tin production at the beginning of the 20th century. After the 1960s Pb EFs increased by a factor of three compared to the emission level from metal production, which we attribute to gasoline related Pb emissions. Our results show that anthropogenic Pb pollution levels from road traffic in South America exceed those of any historical metallurgy in the last two millennia, even in regions with exceptional high local metallurgical activity. STUDY NOTES: Lead (Pb) concentration and Pb isotopes from the 1999 Illimani ice core, Bolivian Andes, for the past 2,000 years. Data include 10 year medians and lowpass filtered Pb and Ce concentrations, Pb enrichment factors (EFs), and 10 year and 50 year averaged Pb isotope ratios. Additional References: Kellerhals, T., L. Tobler, S. Brütsch, M. Sigl, L. Wacker, H. W. Gäggeler, and M. Schwikowski. 2010. Thallium as a tracer for preindustrial volcanic eruptions in an ice core record from Illimani, Bolivia Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 888-893 (2010). Sigl, M., T. M. Jenk, T. Kellerhals, S. Szidat, H. W. Gäggeler, L. Wacker, H.-A. Synal, C. Boutron, C. Barbante, J. Gabrieli, M. Schwikowski. 2009. Towards radiocarbon dating of ice cores. J. Glaciol. 55, 986-996. Knüsel, S., S. Brütsch, K. A. Henderson, A. S. Palmer, and M. Schwikowski. 2005. ENSO signals of the twentieth century in an ice core from Nevado Illimani, Bolivia. J. Geophys. Res. 110(D1), D01102, doi:10.1029/2004JD005420. Knüsel, S., P. Ginot, U. Schotterer, M. Schwikowski, H. W. Gaggeler, B. Francou, J. R. Petit, J. C. Simoes, J. D. Taupin. 2003. Dating of two nearby ice cores from the Illimani, Bolivia. J. Geophys. Res. 108, D6, 4181, doi:10.1029/2001JD002028. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Eichler, A. Investigator : Gramlich, G. Investigator : Kellerhals, T. Investigator : Tobler, L. Investigator : Schwikowski, M. 2015-02-24 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18056 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2015pbiso50yr.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2015pb.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2015pbiso10yr.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2015pbiso50yr.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2015pb.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2015pbiso10yr.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18056 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2015pbiso50yr.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2015pb.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2015pbiso10yr.txt Eichler, A., G. Gramlich, T. Kellerhals, L. Tobler, and M. Schwikowski2015Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000 year metallurgical historyScience Advancese140019611http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/1/e1400196 START YEAR: 0 AD * END YEAR: 2000 AD -67.7667 -16.6167 -67.7667 -16.6167