Illimani Ice Core 1,600 Year Ammonium Data and Amazon Temperature Reconstruction Kellerhals, T.; Brütsch, S.; Sigl, M.; Knüsel, S.; Gäggeler, H.W.; Schwikowski, M. Kellerhals, T. Brütsch, S. Sigl, M. Knüsel, S. Gäggeler, H.W. Schwikowski, M. Air Temperature Reconstruction earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|ice cores (surface temperature,null,two standard deviations upper bound,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|ice cores,anomalized|averaged,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (ice age,null,null,year Common Era,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|ice cores (surface temperature,null,two standard deviations upper bound,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|ice cores,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (ammonium,bulk ice,null,microequivalent per liter,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|ice cores (ice age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|ice cores,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|ice cores (surface temperature,null,two standard deviations lower bound,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|ice cores,anomalized|averaged,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|ice cores (surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|ice cores,anomalized|averaged,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|ice cores (surface temperature,null,two standard deviations lower bound,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|ice cores,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (ammonium,bulk ice,null,microequivalent per liter,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|ice cores (surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|ice cores,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice core earth science/paleoclimate/ice core (Illimani>LATITUDE -16.6167>LONGITUDE -67.7667) We present a reconstruction of tropical South American temperature anomalies over the last ~1600 years. The reconstruction is based on a highly resolved and carefully dated ammonium record from an ice core that was drilled in 1999 on Nevado Illimani in the eastern Bolivian Andes. Concerning the relevant processes governing the observed correlation between ammonium concentrations and temperature anomalies, we discuss anthropogenic emissions, biomass burning, and precipitation changes but clearly favor a temperature-dependent source strength of the vegetation in the Amazon Basin. That given, the reconstruction reveals that Medieval Warm Period - and Little Ice Age - type episodes are distinguishable in tropical South America, a region for which until now only very limited temperature proxy data have been available. For the time period from about 1050 to 1300 AD, our reconstruction shows relatively warm conditions that are followed by cooler conditions from the 15th to the 18th century, when temperatures dropped by up to 0.6C below the 1961-1990 average. The last decades of the past millennium are characterized again by warm temperatures that seem to be unprecedented in the context of the last ~1600 years. STUDY NOTES: Ammonium (NH4+) data and reconstructed Tropical South American temperature from the 1999 Illimani ice core, Bolivian Andes, for the past 1,600 years. Additional References: Kellerhals, T., L. Tobler, S. Brütsch, M. Sigl, L. Wacker, H. W. Gäggeler, and M. Schwikowski. 2010. Thallium as a tracer for preindustrial volcanic eruptions in an ice core record from Illimani, Bolivia Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 888-893 (2010). Sigl, M., T. M. Jenk, T. Kellerhals, S. Szidat, H. W. Gäggeler, L. Wacker, H.-A. Synal, C. Boutron, C. Barbante, J. Gabrieli, M. Schwikowski. 2009. Towards radiocarbon dating of ice cores. J. Glaciol. 55, 986-996. Knüsel, S., S. Brütsch, K. A. Henderson, A. S. Palmer, and M. Schwikowski. 2005. ENSO signals of the twentieth century in an ice core from Nevado Illimani, Bolivia. J. Geophys. Res. 110(D1), D01102, doi:10.1029/2004JD005420. Knüsel, S., P. Ginot, U. Schotterer, M. Schwikowski, H. W. Gaggeler, B. Francou, J. R. Petit, J. C. Simoes, J. D. Taupin. 2003. Dating of two nearby ice cores from the Illimani, Bolivia. J. Geophys. Res. 108, D6, 4181, doi:10.1029/2001JD002028. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Kellerhals, T. Investigator : Brütsch, S. Investigator : Sigl, M. Investigator : Knüsel, S. Investigator : Gäggeler, H.W. Investigator : Schwikowski, M. 2015-02-24 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18057 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2010nh4-10yr.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2010nh4ann.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2010nh4-10yr.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2010nh4ann.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18057 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2010nh4-10yr.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2010nh4ann.txt T. Kellerhals, S. Brütsch, M. Sigl, S. Knüsel, H. W. Gäggeler, M. Schwikowski2010Ammonium concentration in ice cores: A new proxy for regional temperature reconstruction?Journal of Geophysical Research: AtmospheresD16123115D1610.1029/2009JD012603http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1029/2009JD012603/ START YEAR: 355 AD * END YEAR: 1998 AD -67.7667 -16.6167 -67.7667 -16.6167