D4 - Black Carbon, VA, and nssS Data McConnell, J.R.; Edwards, R.; Kok, G.L.; Flanner, M.G.; Zender, C.S.; Saltzman, E.S.; Banta, J.R.; Pasteris, D.R.; Carter, M.M.; Kahl, J.D.W. McConnell, J.R. Edwards, R. Kok, G.L. Flanner, M.G. Zender, C.S. Saltzman, E.S. Banta, J.R. Pasteris, D.R. Carter, M.M. Kahl, J.D.W. earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (ice age,null,null,year Common Era,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (black carbon,bulk ice,null,nanogram per gram,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (vanillic acid,bulk ice,null,nanogram per gram,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (non-sea-salt sulfur,bulk ice,null,nanogram per gram,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/ice core (D4>LATITUDE 71.4>LONGITUDE -43.9) Black carbon (BC) from biomass and fossil fuel combustion alters chemical and physical properties of the atmosphere and snow albedo, yet little is known about its emission or deposition histories. Measurements of BC, vanillic acid, and non–sea-salt sulfur in ice cores indicate that sources and concentrations of BC in Greenland precipitation varied greatly since 1788 as a result of boreal forest fires and industrial activities. Beginning about 1850, industrial emissions resulted in a sevenfold increase in ice-core BC concentrations, with most change occurring in winter. BC concentrations after about 1951 were lower but increasing. At its maximum from 1906 to 1910, estimated surface climate forcing in early summer from BC in Arctic snow was about 3 watts per square meter, which is eight times the typical preindustrial forcing value. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : McConnell, J.R. Investigator : Edwards, R. Investigator : Kok, G.L. Investigator : Flanner, M.G. Investigator : Zender, C.S. Investigator : Saltzman, E.S. Investigator : Banta, J.R. Investigator : Pasteris, D.R. Investigator : Carter, M.M. Investigator : Kahl, J.D.W. 2007-07-01 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6074 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/d4-2007carbon.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/d4-2007carbon.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6074 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/d4-2007carbon.txt Joseph R. McConnell, Ross Edwards, Gregory L. Kok, Mark G. Flanner, Charles S. Zender, Eric S. Saltzman, J. Ryan Banta, Daniel R. Pasteris, Megan M. Carter, Jonathan D. W. Kahl200720th-Century Industrial Black Carbon Emissions Altered Arctic Climate ForcingScience31758431381-138410.1126/science.1144856 https://science.sciencemag.org/content/317/5843/1381 START YEAR: 1788 AD * END YEAR: 2002 AD -43.9 71.4 -43.9 71.4