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  <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">EPICA Dome C - Timescales EDC3</dc:title>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Parrenin, F.; Barnola, J.M.; Beer, J.; Blunier, T.; Castellano, E.; Chappellaz, J.A.; Dreyfus, G.; Fischer, H.; Fujita, S.; Jouzel, J.; Kawamura, K.; Lemieux-Dudon, B.; Loulergue, L.; Masson-Delmotte, V.; Narcisi, B.; Petit, J.-R.; Raisbeck, G.M.; Raynaud, D.; Ruth, U.; Schwander, J.; Severi, M.; Spahni, R.; Svensson, A.M.; Udisti, R.; Waelbroeck, C.; Wolff, E.W.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Parrenin, F.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Barnola, J.M.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Beer, J.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Blunier, T.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Castellano, E.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Chappellaz, J.A.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Dreyfus, G.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Fischer, H.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Fujita, S.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Jouzel, J.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Kawamura, K.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Lemieux-Dudon, B.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Loulergue, L.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Masson-Delmotte, V.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Narcisi, B.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Petit, J.-R.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Raisbeck, G.M.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Raynaud, D.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Ruth, U.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Schwander, J.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Severi, M.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Spahni, R.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Svensson, A.M.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Udisti, R.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Waelbroeck, C.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Wolff, E.W.</dc:creator>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (ice age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (sample identification,null,null,null,null,ice cores,null,null,C,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (depth,null,null,meter,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/ice cores (gas age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/ice core</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows"> (EPICA Dome C&gt;LATITUDE -75.1&gt;LONGITUDE 123.4)</dc:subject>
  <dc:description xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">The EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) Dome C drilling in East Antarctica has now been completed to a depth of 3260 m, at only a few meters above bedrock. Here we present the new EDC3 chronology, which is based on the use of 1) a snow accumulation and mechanical flow model, and 2) a set of independent age markers along the core. These are obtained by pattern matching of recorded parameters to either absolutely dated paleoclimatic records, or to insolation variations. We show that this new time scale is in excellent agreement with the Dome Fuji and Vostok ice core time scales back to 100 kyr within 1 kyr. Discrepancies larger than 3 kyr arise during MIS 5.4, 5.5 and 6, which points to 
anomalies in either snow accumulation or mechanical flow during these time periods. We estimate that EDC3 gives accurate event durations within 20% (2 sigma) back to MIS11 and accurate absolute ages with a maximum uncertainty of 6 kyr back to 800 kyr. 
          STUDY NOTES: Timescale EDC3 for the EPICA Dome C ice core, both for the ice matrix and gas bubbles.</dc:description>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">NCDC-Paleoclimatology</dc:publisher>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce</dc:publisher>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Parrenin, F.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Barnola, J.M.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Beer, J.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Blunier, T.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Castellano, E.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Chappellaz, J.A.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Dreyfus, G.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Fischer, H.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Fujita, S.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Jouzel, J.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Kawamura, K.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Lemieux-Dudon, B.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Loulergue, L.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Masson-Delmotte, V.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Narcisi, B.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Petit, J.-R.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Raisbeck, G.M.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Raynaud, D.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Ruth, U.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Schwander, J.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Severi, M.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Spahni, R.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Svensson, A.M.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Udisti, R.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Waelbroeck, C.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Wolff, E.W.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:date xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">2007-09-01</dc:date>
  <dc:type xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">ONLINE Files</dc:type>
  <dc:format xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">online, ASCII</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6081</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/epica_domec/edc1-edc2-timescale.txt</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/epica_domec/edc3-timescale.txt</dc:identifier>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/epica_domec/edc1-edc2-timescale.txt</dc:source>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/epica_domec/edc3-timescale.txt</dc:source>
  <dc:language xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">English</dc:language>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6081</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/epica_domec/edc1-edc2-timescale.txt</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/epica_domec/edc3-timescale.txt</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Parrenin, F., J.-M. Barnola, J. Beer, T. Blunier, E. Castellano, J. Chappellaz, G. Dreyfus, H. Fischer, S. Fujita, J. Jouzel, K. Kawamura, B. Lemieux-Dudon, L. Loulergue, V. Masson-Delmotte, B. Narcisi, J.-R. Petit, G. Raisbeck, D. Raynaud, U. Ruth, J. Schwander, M. Severi, R. Spahni, J. P. Steffensen, A. Svensson, R. Udisti, C. Waelbroeck, and E. Wolff2007The EDC3 chronology for the EPICA Dome C ice coreClimate of the Past3485-497</dc:relation>
  <dc:coverage xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">START YEAR: -799662 AD  * END YEAR: 2000 AD</dc:coverage>
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