Lone Spruce Pond, Alaska 14,500 Year Multiproxy Sediment Data Kaufman, D.S.; Axford, Y.; Anderson, R.S.; Lamoureux, S.F.; Schindler, D.E.; Walker, I.R.; Werner, A. Kaufman, D.S. Axford, Y. Anderson, R.S. Lamoureux, S.F. Schindler, D.E. Walker, I.R. Werner, A. Arctic PAGES Arctic 2k Younger Dryas earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Parakiefferiella nigra) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Microtendipes sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Pagastiella sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Tanytarsus chinyensis) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,unspecified midge) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (organic matter,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,loss on ignition,N,550 degrees for 5 hours) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (clay,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,laser particle size analysis,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Chaoborus americanus) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Heterotrissocladius sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Limnophyes sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Metriocnemus sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Zalutschia type B) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Stichtochironomus sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Corynocera ambigua) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Micropsectra sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Tanytarsina) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (depth,null,null,centimeter,null,insect|paleolimnology,corrected,null,N,corrected for tephra layers) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (sand,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,laser particle size analysis,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (nitrogen,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,elemental analysis,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Cricotopus/Orthocladius) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Zalutschia type A) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Procladius sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Pentaneurini) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Glyptotendipes sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (volume magnetic susceptibility,sediment,null,dimensionless (SI system),null,paleolimnology,null,magnetic susceptibility measurement with point or surface sensor,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (density,sediment,null,gram per cubic centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (grain size median,sediment,null,micrometer,null,paleolimnology,null,laser particle size analysis,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Corynoneura/Thienemanniella) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Parakiefferiella species B) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Parametriocnemus/Paraphaenocladius) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (total head capsules,null,null,count per gram,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Phaenopsectra flavipes) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Sergentia sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (biogenic silica,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,spectrophotometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (silt,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,laser particle size analysis,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (delta 13C,sediment,null,per mil,null,paleolimnology,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (delta 15N,sediment,null,per mil,null,paleolimnology,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Protanypus sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Chironomus sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Polypedilum sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Stempellinella/Zavrelia) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Dicrotendipes sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (depth,null,null,centimeter,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (carbon,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,elemental analysis,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Chaoborus trivittati) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Mesocricotopus sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Psectrocladius sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Cladopelma sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Demicryptochironomus) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (Lone Spruce Pond>LATITUDE 60.007>LONGITUDE -159.143) Sediment cores from Lone Spruce Pond (60.007°N, 159.143°W), southwestern Alaska, record paleoenvironmental changes during the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and during the last 14,500 calendar years BP (14.5 cal ka). We analyzed the abundance of organic matter, biogenic silica, carbon, and nitrogen, and the isotope ratios of C and N, magnetic susceptibility, and grain-size distribution of bulk sediment, abundance of alder shrub (Alnus) pollen, and midge (Chironomidae and Chaoboridae) assemblages in a 4.7-m-long sediment sequence from the depocenter at 22 m water depth. The basal unit contains macrofossils dating to 25-21 cal ka (the global LGM), and is interpreted as glacial-lacustrine sediment. The open water requires that the outlet of the Ahklun Mountain ice cap had retreated to within 6 km of the range crest. In addition to cladocerans and diatoms, the glacial-lacustrine mud contains chironomids consistent with deep, oligotrophic conditions; several taxa associated with relatively warm conditions are present, suggestive of relative warmth during the global LGM. The glacial-lacustrine unit is separated from the overlying non-glacial lake sediment by a possible disconformity, which might record a readvance of glacier ice. Non-glacial sediment began accumulating around 14.5 cal ka, with high flux of mineral matter and fluctuating physical and biological properties through the global deglacial period, including a reversal in biogenic-silica (BSi) content during the Younger Dryas (YD). During the global deglacial interval, the d13C values of lake sediment were higher relative to other periods, consistent with low C:N ratios (8), and suggesting a dominant atmospheric CO2 source of C for phytoplankton. Concentrations of aquatic faunal remains (chironomids and Cladocera) were low throughout the deglacial interval, diversity was low and warm-indicator taxa were absent. Higher production and air temperatures are inferred following the YD, when bulk organic-matter (OM) content (LOI 550 °C) increased substantially and permanently, from 10 to 30%, a trend paralleled by an increase in C and N abundance, an increase in C:N ratio (to about 12), and a decrease in d13C of sediment. Post-YD warming is marked by a rapid shift in the midge assemblage. Between 8.9 and 8.5 cal ka, Alnus pollen tripled (25-75 %), followed by the near-tripling of BSi (7-19 %) by 8.2 cal ka, and d15N began a steady rise, reflecting the buildup of N and an increase in denitrification in soils. Several chironomid taxa indicative of relatively warm conditions were present throughout the Holocene. Quantitative chironomid-based temperature inferences are complicated by the expansion of Alnus and resulting changes in lake nutrient status and production; these changes were associated with an abrupt increase in cladoceran abundance and persistent shift in the chironomid assemblage. During the last 2,000 years, chironomid-assemblage changes suggest cooler temperatures, and BSi and OM values were generally lower than their maximum Holocene values, with minima during the seventh and eighth centuries, and again during the eighteenth century. STUDY NOTES: Multiproxy sediment data from Lone Spruce Pond, Alaska, for the past 14,500 years. Paleoenvironmental proxies measured include abundance of organic matter, biogenic silica, carbon and nitrogen content and isotopic ratios, magnetic susceptibility, grain-size distribution of bulk sediment, abundance of alder shrub (Alnus) pollen, and midge (Chironomidae and Chaoboridae) assemblages. Lone Spruce Pond, Southwestern Alaska: 60.007°N, 159.143°W NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Kaufman, D.S. Investigator : Axford, Y. Investigator : Anderson, R.S. Investigator : Lamoureux, S.F. Investigator : Schindler, D.E. Investigator : Walker, I.R. Investigator : Werner, A. 2012-06-30 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13074 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/lonespruce2012.xls https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/lonespruce2012.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/lonespruce2012.xls https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/lonespruce2012.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13074 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/lonespruce2012.xls https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/lonespruce2012.txt Kaufman, D.S., Y. Axford, R.S. Anderson, S.F. Lamoureux, D.E. Schindler, I.R. Walker, and A. Werner. 2012. A multi-proxy record of the Last Glacial Maximum and last 14,500 years of paleoenvironmental change at Lone Spruce Pond, southwestern Alaska. Journal of Paleolimnology, Vol. 48, No. 1, June 2012, pp. 9-26. DOI: 10.1007/s10933-012-9607-4 START YEAR: 14524 cal yr BP * END YEAR: -5 cal yr BP -159.143 60.007 -159.143 60.007