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  <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Yellow Lake, Colorado Holocene Calcite Oxygen Isotope Data </dc:title>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Anderson, L.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Anderson, L.</dc:creator>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">ENSO</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Pacific Decadal Oscillation</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,anomalized,null,N,Yellow and Bison Lake differences)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows"> (Yellow Lake&gt;LATITUDE 39.652&gt;LONGITUDE -107.345)</dc:subject>
  <dc:description xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Over the period of instrumental records, precipitation maximum 
in the headwaters of the Colorado Rocky Mountains has been dominated 
by winter snow, with a substantial degree of interannual variability 
linked to Pacific ocean-atmosphere dynamics. High-elevation snowpack 
is an important water storage that is carefully observed in order 
to meet increasing water demands in the greater semi-arid region. 
The purpose here is to consider Rocky Mountain water trends during 
the Holocene when known changes in earth&apos;s energy balance were 
caused by precession-driven insolation variability. Changes in solar 
insolation are thought to have influenced the variability and intensity 
of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation 
(PDO), and North American Monsoon and the seasonal precipitation 
balance between rain and snow at upper elevations. Holocene records 
are presented from two high elevation lakes located in northwest 
Colorado that document decade-to-century scale precipitation seasonality 
for the past ~7000 years. Comparisons with sub-tropical records of ENSO 
indicate that the snowfall-dominated precipitation maxima developed 
~3000 and 4000 years ago, coincident with evidence for enhanced 
ENSO/PDO dynamics. During the early-to-mid Holocene the records 
suggest a more monsoon affected precipitation regime with reduced 
snowpack, more rainfall, and net moisture deficits that were more 
severe than recent droughts. The Holocene perspective of precipitation 
indicates a far broader range of variability than that of the past 
century and highlights the non-linear character of hydroclimate 
in the U.S. west. 
          STUDY NOTES: Calcite oxygen isotope (d180) data for the Holocene from Yellow Lake, 
northwest Colorado, USA. Calcite-d18O ratios of bulk sediment 32um size 
fraction from continuous intervals of 0.5 cm from 0 to 24 cm depth, 
at spaced intervals of 0.5 cm  from 24 to 70 cm depth and at spaced 
intervals of 2.0 cm from 70 to 224 cm depth.  See text for discussion 
on changes in lake hydrology from an open to closed basin by ~3 ka 
and implications for interpretation.  Isotopic enrichment due to 
evaporation is the d18O difference from nearby Bison Lake (Dd18OYel-Bis) 
calculated from 11-interval running averages of calibrated ages 
that were within age errors. 

Yellow Lake, Colorado, USA: 39.652°N, 107.345°W, 3170m elev</dc:description>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">NCDC-Paleoclimatology</dc:publisher>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce</dc:publisher>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Anderson, L.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:date xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">2012-07-06</dc:date>
  <dc:type xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">ONLINE Files</dc:type>
  <dc:format xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">online, ASCII</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13120</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/colorado/yellow2012.xls</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/colorado/yellow2012.txt</dc:identifier>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/colorado/yellow2012.xls</dc:source>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/colorado/yellow2012.txt</dc:source>
  <dc:language xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">English</dc:language>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13120</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/colorado/yellow2012.xls</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/colorado/yellow2012.txt</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Anderson, L. 2012. 
Rocky Mountain Hydroclimate: Holocene variability and the role 
of insolation, ENSO and the North American Monsoon. 
Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 92-93, pp. 198-208 
doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.05.012 </dc:relation>
  <dc:coverage xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">START YEAR: 8155 cal yr BP  * END YEAR: -56 cal yr BP</dc:coverage>
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   <ows:LowerCorner>-107.345  39.652</ows:LowerCorner>
   <ows:UpperCorner>-107.345  39.652</ows:UpperCorner>
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