Genovesa Crater Lake, Galápagos 400 Year Sediment Elemental Data Conroy, J.L.; Thompson, D.M.; Collins, A.; Overpeck, J.T.; Bush, M.B.; Cole, J.E. Conroy, J.L. Thompson, D.M. Collins, A. Overpeck, J.T. Bush, M.B. Cole, J.E. earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (calcium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,pelletized sediment) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (collection date,null,null,year Common Era,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (air temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (precipitation,null,null,millimeter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (surface downwelling shortwave radiation,null,null,watt per square meter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (wind speed,null,null,meter per second,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (salinity,lake water,null,parts per thousand,null,instrumental,null,null,N,3m water depth) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (lake water temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,instrumental,null,null,N,7m water depth) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (lake surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (density,lake water,null,gram per square centimeter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,25m water depth) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (wind direction,null,null,degree,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (silicon,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,smoothed,energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,resin-embedded sediment; 21 point smoothing applied) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (collection date,null,null,day of month,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (salinity,lake water,null,parts per thousand,null,instrumental,null,null,N,25m water depth) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (collection date,null,null,month of year,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (density,lake water,null,gram per square centimeter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,3m water depth) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (density,lake water,null,gram per square centimeter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,7m water depth) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (lake level,null,null,centimeter,null,instrumental,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (evaporation,null,null,millimeter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (calcium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,smoothed,energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,resin-embedded sediment; 21 point smoothing applied) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (silicon,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,pelletized sediment) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (salinity,lake water,null,parts per thousand,null,instrumental,null,null,N,7m water depth) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (lake water temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,instrumental,null,null,N,25m water depth) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (Genovesa Crater Lake>LATITUDE .33>LONGITUDE -89.96) Genovesa Crater Lake is a remote, hypersaline lake in the northern Galápagos archipelago that contains a finely laminated sediment record. This sediment record has the potential to provide a high-resolution history of past climate variability in the eastern tropical Pacific. Here we present modern climate, lake, and sediment observations from 2009 to 2012 to explore how local climate variability influences Genovesa Crater Lake and its sediments. Surface lake temperature is strongly linked to air temperature and is highly seasonal. Temperature stratification is strongest during the warm season, whereas temperature becomes more uniform through the water column in the cool season. Deeper and earlier mixing occurred during the 2010 La Niña, which subsequently delayed 2011 cool season mixing and maximum warm season surface temperatures in 2011 and 2012. Lake salinity changes are influenced by precipitation, evaporation and persistent seawater influx. The largest declines in subsurface salinity follow months after the rainy season, when temperatures cool and fresher surface water from the previous warm/wet season mixes into the subsurface. Between 2009 and 2012, more calcium carbonate precipitated during a period of higher salinity. The period of highest calcium carbonate abundance measured in sediment records that span the late nineteenth to twentieth century coincides with the failure of two consecutive rainy seasons in 1988 and 1989 as well as the coldest monthly sea surface temperature measured at Puerto Ayora in 1989. More calcium carbonate-rich laminae from AD 1550 ± 70 to 1675 ± 90 may indicate a greater frequency of prolonged droughts or cooler temperatures, although enhanced productivity may also modulate carbonate precipitation. More Ca-rich laminae in Genovesa coincide with dry conditions inferred from other Galápagos sediment proxies, as well as prolonged dry and cool conditions inferred from reconstructions of the Southern Oscillation Index and NINO3 sea surface temperatures. STUDY NOTES: Sediment elemental geochemistry and lake water chemistry measurements from Genovesa Crater Lake, Galápagos NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Conroy, J.L. Investigator : Thompson, D.M. Investigator : Collins, A. Investigator : Overpeck, J.T. Investigator : Bush, M.B. Investigator : Cole, J.E. 2015-11-06 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19465 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014water.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014gu4.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014weather.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014gen6.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014gu6.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014water.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014gu4.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014weather.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014gen6.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014gu6.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19465 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014water.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014gu4.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014weather.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014gen6.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014gu6.txt Jessica L. Conroy, Diane M. Thompson, Aaron Collins, Jonathan T. Overpeck, Mark B. Bush, Julia E. Cole2014Climate influences on water and sediment properties of Genovesa Crater Lake, GalápagosJournal of Paleolimnology524331-34710.1007/s10933-014-9797-z http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10933-014-9797-z START YEAR: 1605 AD * END YEAR: 2012 AD -89.96 .33 -89.96 .33