Martin Lake, Indiana 2100 Year Stable Isotope and Lithics Data Bird, B.W.; Wilson, J.; Gilhooly, W.P.; Steinman, B.; Stamps, L. Bird, B.W. Wilson, J. Gilhooly, W.P. Steinman, B. Stamps, L. earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (collection date,null,null,null,null,instrumental,null,null,C,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (sample identification,null,null,null,null,instrumental,null,null,C,River Name) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (notes,null,null,null,null,instrumental,null,null,N,cluster designation) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (delta 2H,river water,null,per mil VPDB,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (longitude,null,null,degree east,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (sample identification,null,null,null,null,paleolimnology,null,null,C,site name) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (notes,null,null,null,null,instrumental,null,null,C,type of precipitation) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (delta 18O,precipitation,null,per mil VPDB,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Indianapolis) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (delta 18O,lake water,null,per mil VPDB,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Martin Lake) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (collection water depth,null,null,meter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,meters below lake water surface) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (collection date,null,null,null,null,instrumental,null,null,C,mm/dd/yy format) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (longitude,null,null,degree east,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (delta 13C,calcite,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (delta 18O,calcite,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (delta 2H,lake water,null,per mil VPDB,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Martin Lake) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (delta 18O,river water,null,per mil VPDB,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (sample identification,null,null,null,null,paleolimnology,null,null,C,area name) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (sample identification,null,null,null,null,paleolimnology,null,null,C,state name) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (delta 2H,precipitation,null,per mil VPDB,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Indianapolis) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (mineral matter,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,lithic grains abundance; bulk sediment minus organics minus biogenic silica minus carbonates) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (latitude,null,null,degree north,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,Composite depth) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (latitude,null,null,degree north,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology earth science/paleoclimate/paleolimnology (Martin Lake>LATITUDE 41.564>LONGITUDE -85.383) Climate's influence on late Pre-Columbian (pre-1492 CE), maize-dependent Native American populations in the midcontinental United States (US) is poorly understood as regional paleoclimate records are sparse and/or provide conflicting perspectives. Here, we reconstruct regional changes in precipitation source and seasonality and local changes in warm-season duration and rainstorm events related to the Pacific North American pattern (PNA) using a 2100-year-long multi-proxy lake-sediment record from the midcontinental US. Wet midcontinental climate reflecting negative PNA-like conditions occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (950-1250 CE) as Native American populations adopted intensive maize agriculture, facilitating population aggregation and the development of urban centers between 1000-1200 CE. Intensifying midcontinental socio-political instability and warfare between 1250-1350 CE corresponded with drier positive PNA-like conditions, culminating in the staggered abandonment of many major Native American river valley settlements and large urban centers between 1350-1450 CE during an especially severe warm-season drought. We hypothesize that this sustained drought interval rendered it difficult to support dense populations and large urban centers in the midcontinental US by destabilizing regional agricultural systems, thereby contributing to the host of socio-political factors that led to population reorganization and migration in the midcontinent and neighboring regions shortly before European contact. STUDY NOTES: 2100 year record of calcite oxygen and carbon isotopes and %lithics from laminated lake sediments collected in Martin Lake, Lagrange County, Indiana, USA. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Bird, B.W. Investigator : Wilson, J. Investigator : Gilhooly, W.P. Investigator : Steinman, B. Investigator : Stamps, L. 2017-01-31 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21061 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017precip-iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017water-iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017river-iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017lithic.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017human-d13c.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017precip-iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017water-iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017river-iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017lithic.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017human-d13c.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21061 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017precip-iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017water-iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017river-iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017lithic.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017human-d13c.txt Broxton W. Bird, Jeremy J. Wilson, William P. Gilhooly III, Byron A. Steinman, Lucas Stamps2017Midcontinental Native American population dynamics and late Holocene hydroclimate extremesScientific Reports74162810.1038/srep41628 START YEAR: 5390 cal yr BP * END YEAR: -66 cal yr BP -85.383 41.564 -85.383 41.564