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  <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Global Ocean Tidal Energy Dissipation Model Data for the Present and Last Glacial Maximum</dc:title>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Schmittner, A.; Green, J.A.M.; Wilmes, S.-B.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Schmittner, A.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Green, J.A.M.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Wilmes, S.-B.</dc:creator>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Last Glacial Maximum</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (kinetic energy dissipation,null,null,watt per square meter,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,sum of M2 S2 K1 and O1)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (surface type,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,land mask)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (kinetic energy dissipation,null,null,watt per square meter,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,M2)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (kinetic energy dissipation,null,null,watt,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,for depths &gt; 500m; K1)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (kinetic energy dissipation,null,null,watt per square meter,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,K1)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (kinetic energy dissipation,null,null,watt,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,for depths &gt; 500m; M2)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (kinetic energy dissipation,null,null,watt,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,for depths &gt; 500m; O1)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (kinetic energy dissipation,null,null,watt per square meter,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,S2)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (kinetic energy dissipation,null,null,watt,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,for depths &gt; 500m; sum of M2 S2 K1 and O1)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (kinetic energy dissipation,null,null,watt,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,for depths &gt; 500m; S2)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (kinetic energy dissipation,null,null,watt per square meter,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,O1)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/model</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows"> (Global&gt;LATITUDE &gt;LONGITUDE )</dc:subject>
  <dc:description xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Due to lower sea levels during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), tidal energy dissipation was shifted from the shallow margins into the deep ocean. Here using a high-resolution tide model, we estimate that global energy fluxes below 200?m depth were almost quadrupled during the LGM. Applying the energy fluxes to a consistent tidal mixing parameterization of a global climate model results in a large intensification of mixing. Global mean vertical diffusivity increases by more than a factor of 3, and consequently, the simulated meridional overturning circulation accelerates by ~21–46%. In the model, these effects are at least as important as those from changes in surface boundary conditions. Our findings contrast with the prevailing view that the abyssal LGM circulation was more sluggish. We conclude that changes in tidal mixing are an important mechanism that may have strongly increased the glacial deep ocean circulation and should no longer be neglected in paleoclimate simulations.
 
          STUDY NOTES: This dataset includes three directories:
1) orig/ includes the original netcdf datafiles from the tide model
       and files used to convert them to ascii output.
       Contains tidal dissipation files including only IT drag
       obtained from Sophie-Bernice Wilmes

        dissipation_00.0kyrBP_ITfricPD_I0.02_191556.nc
        dissipation_21.0kyrBP_ITfricLGM0_I0.02_583323.nc

      First used ferret and the script read_diss_ITfric.jnl to produce
      the files ITfric*inverse*.txt. Then I used the fortran program flip_lat.f
      to produce the files ITfric*.txt. Next I used make_diss.jnl to produce the
      diss.nc files in the pd/ and lgm/ directories. Appropriate lines in the
      scripts and fortran code need to be commented out.
 2) pd/ includes the present day data averaging on the UVic model grid
        including sub-gridscale bathymetry
 3) lgm/ as for pd/ but for LGM data</dc:description>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">NCDC-Paleoclimatology</dc:publisher>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce</dc:publisher>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Schmittner, A.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Green, J.A.M.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Wilmes, S.-B.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:date xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">2015-05-22</dc:date>
  <dc:type xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">ONLINE Files</dc:type>
  <dc:format xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">online, ASCII</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18719</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/schmittner2015/schmittner2015.txt</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/schmittner2015/</dc:identifier>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/schmittner2015/schmittner2015.txt</dc:source>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/schmittner2015/</dc:source>
  <dc:language xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">English</dc:language>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18719</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/schmittner2015/schmittner2015.txt</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/schmittner2015/</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Schmittner, A., J.A.M. Green, and S.-B. Wilmes2015Glacial ocean overturning intensified by tidal mixing in a global circulation modelGeophysical Research Letters4210.1002/2015GL063561</dc:relation>
  <dc:coverage xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">START YEAR: 21000 cal yr BP  * END YEAR: 0 cal yr BP</dc:coverage>
  <ows:WGS84BoundingBox xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">
   <ows:LowerCorner>-180  -90</ows:LowerCorner>
   <ows:UpperCorner>180  90</ows:UpperCorner>
  </ows:WGS84BoundingBox>
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