Genesis v.3 Late Cretaceous Climate Simulations Poulsen, C.J.; Tabor, C.R.; White, J.D. Poulsen, C.J. Tabor, C.R. 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wind stress) earth science/paleoclimate/model (Global>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE ) The percentage of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere varied between 10% and 35% throughout the Phanerozoic. These changes have been linked to the evolution, radiation, and size of animals but have not been considered to affect climate. We conducted simulations showing that modulation of the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), as a result of its contribution to atmospheric mass and density, influences the optical depth of the atmosphere. Under low pO2 and a reduced-density atmosphere, shortwave scattering by air molecules and clouds is less frequent, leading to a substantial increase in surface shortwave forcing. Through feedbacks involving latent heat fluxes to the atmosphere and marine stratus clouds, surface shortwave forcing drives increases in atmospheric water vapor and global precipitation, enhances greenhouse forcing, and raises global surface temperature. Our results implicate pO2 as an important factor in climate forcing throughout geologic time. STUDY NOTES: Climate Simulations using the Genesis v.3 model for Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous, ~94-100 million years before present). Climate model output netCDF filenames and boundary conditions are as follows: Simulation Age CO2 O2 CH4 N2O Luminosity Obliquity Eccentricity Years 2CO2_10O.041-060.nc Cenomanian 1120 10 741 325 1354 23.5 0 41-60 2CO2_21O.041-060.nc Cenomanian 1120 21 650 285 1354 23.5 0 41-60 2CO2_35O.041-060.nc Cenomanian 1120 35 535 234 1354 23.5 0 41-60 2CO2_10O.041-060LSX.nc Cenomanian 1120 10 741 325 1354 23.5 0 41-60 2CO2_21O.041-060LSX.nc Cenomanian 1120 21 650 285 1354 23.5 0 41-60 2CO2_35O.041-060LSX.nc Cenomanian 1120 35 535 234 1354 23.5 0 41-60 Note: Each netcdf file contains 20-yr means of monthly average atmospheric or land surface (LSX) parameters. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Poulsen, C.J. Investigator : Tabor, C.R. Investigator : White, J.D. 2015-06-12 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18776 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/poulsen2015/ https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/poulsen2015/ English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18776 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/poulsen2015/ Christopher J. Poulsen, Clay Tabor, and Joseph D. White2015Long-term climate forcing by atmospheric oxygen concentrationsScience34862401238-124110.1126/science.1260670http://www.sciencemag.org/content/348/6240/1238.abstract START YEAR: 100000000 cal yr BP * END YEAR: 94000000 cal yr BP -180 -90 180 90