Last Glacial Maximum and Preindustrial Iron Flux Global Ocean Model Results Muglia, J.; Somes, C.J.; Nickelsen, L.; Schmittner, A. Muglia, J. Somes, C.J. Nickelsen, L. Schmittner, A. 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calcite production) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (sea water potential temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (upward sea water velocity,null,null,meter per second,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (delta 13C,null,null,per mil,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (snow volume,null,null,cubic meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (dissolved inorganic carbon,sea surface,null,mole per cubic meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,dic13) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (soil temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (leaf area index,null,null,dimensionless,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (sea water temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (salinity,sea water,null,practical salinity unit,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (sea water temperature,null,variance,degree Celsius,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (salinity,sea water,variance,practical salinity unit,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (13C,sea water,null,mole per square meter per second,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,13C flux) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (oxygen,sea water,null,mole per cubic meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,oxygen content) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (organic matter,sea water,null,mole per cubic meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,detritus n15; 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grazing rate on P) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (export,null,null,mole per cubic meter per second,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,mol N m-3 s-1; detrital export rate) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (insolation,null,null,watt per square meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (alkalinity,sea surface,null,mole per cubic meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (dissolved organic nitrogen,sea surface,null,mole per cubic meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,DON15) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (soil respiration,null,null,kilogram per second,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,for 13C) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (vegetation carbon,null,null,kilogram,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,for 14C) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (zooplankton,sea water,null,mole per cubic meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,zooplankton c13; 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Gent-McWilliams) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (upward sea water velocity,null,null,meter per second,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,Gent-McWilliams) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (grazing,null,null,mole per cubic meter per second,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,mol N m-3 s-1; grazing rate on Z) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (surface air temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (evaporation,null,null,kilogram per square meter per second,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate forcing|paleoclimatic modeling (carbon dioxide,null,null,parts per million,annual,climate forcing|paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,concentration) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (sensible heat flux,null,null,watt per square meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,surface upward sensible heat) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (nitrate,sea surface,null,mole per cubic meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (vegetation carbon,null,null,kilogram,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,for 13C) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (primary productivity,null,null,kilogram per second,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,for 13C total net primary productivity) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (northward ocean salt transport,null,null,kilogram per square meter per second,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (14C,sea water,null,mole per square meter per second,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,14C flux) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (oxygen,sea water,null,mole per square meter per second,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,oxygen flux) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (zooplankton,sea water,null,mole per cubic meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,mole N per cubic meter) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (diazotroph,sea water,null,mole per cubic meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,diazotroph n15; mole N per cubic meter) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (dissolved organic carbon,sea water,null,mole per cubic meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,DOC13) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (carbonate ion,sea surface,null,mole per cubic meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (longitude,null,null,degree east,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (streamflow,null,null,kilogram per square meter per second,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,river_discharge_flux) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (northward wind speed,null,null,meter per second,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (soil moisture,null,null,kilogram per square meter,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (snow depth,null,null,meter,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (sea ice y velocity,null,null,meter per second,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,northward) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (sea water x velocity,null,null,meter per second,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,eastward) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (grazing,null,null,mole per cubic meter per second,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,mol N m-3 s-1; grazing rate on detritus) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (excretion,null,null,mole per cubic meter per second,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,mol N m-3 s-1) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (grazing,null,null,mole per cubic meter per second,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,mol N m-3 s-1; grazing rate on diazotrophs) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (precipitation,null,null,kilogram per square meter per second,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (top-of-atmosphere net downward radiation,null,null,watt per square meter,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,net TOA radiation) earth science/paleoclimate/model (Global Ocean>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE ) Changes in the ocean iron cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) have been proposed to help explain the low atmospheric CO2 from this period. Previous global modeling studies, however, have only considered changes in aeolian iron fluxes, although it is known that sedimentary and hydrothermal fluxes are important iron sources for today's ocean. Here we evaluate the effect of preindustrial-to-LGM changes in atmospheric dust, sedimentary, and hydrothermal fluxes on the ocean's iron and carbon cycles in a global coupled biogeochemical circulation model. Considering variable iron solubility we find that higher dust fluxes into the ocean in the LGM increase productivity and enhance the biological pump, sequestering carbon in deep waters and lowering CO2 by 4 ppm. The effect is countered by a decrease in sedimentary release of iron due to lower sea level, which increases CO2 by 15 ppm. In an upper-limit estimation of Southern Ocean surface iron fertilization, assuming a 10 times higher solubility for this region, combined with changes in sedimentary release we find an increase in deep dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations, that could potentially reduce atmospheric CO2 by 13 ppm. A five-fold increase in hydrothermal sources of iron during the LGM may have decreased atmospheric CO2 by an additional 6 ppm. We conclude that when addressing LGM-preindustrial changes in the ocean iron cycle, not only surface but also sedimentary and hydrothermal fluxes have to be taken into account. STUDY NOTES: Study contains data from LGM and Preindustrial model runs. The data folders contain output files, which are tavg and tsi netcdf files. The rest of the files are necessary to run the model, if more experiments are going to be carried out. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Muglia, J. Investigator : Somes, C.J. Investigator : Nickelsen, L. Investigator : Schmittner, A. 2017-01-31 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21331 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/muglia2017/muglia2017.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/muglia2017/ https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/muglia2017/muglia2017.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/muglia2017/ English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21331 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/muglia2017/muglia2017.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/muglia2017/ Muglia, Juan, Christopher Somes, Levin Nickelsen, and Andreas Schmittner2017Combined effects of atmospheric and seafloor iron fluxes to the glacial oceanPaleoceanographysubmitted -180 -80 180 90