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  <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Chukchi Sea Holocene Rock Magnetic Data </dc:title>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Brachfeld, S.; Barletta, F.; St-Onge, G.; Darby, D.; Ortiz, J.D. </dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Brachfeld, S.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Barletta, F.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">St-Onge, G.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Darby, D.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Ortiz, J.D. </dc:creator>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Arctic</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">sea ice</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (saturation magnetization,sediment,null,ampere square meter per kilogram,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (saturation remanent magnetization/saturation magnetization,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (anhysteretic remanent magnetization/isothermal remanent magnetization,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (magnetic susceptibility,sediment,null,cubic meter per kilogram,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,low field X)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (median destructive field,sediment,null,millitesla,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,median destructive field of ARM)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (saturation isothermal remanent magnetization,sediment,null,ampere per meter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (magnetic susceptibility,sediment,null,cubic meter per kilogram,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,high field X)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (coercivity of remanence,sediment,null,millitesla,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (S-ratio,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (anhysteretic remanent magnetization,sediment,null,millitesla,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (saturation isothermal remanent magnetization/magnetic susceptibility,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,low field X)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (coercivity,sediment,null,millitesla,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (coercivity of remanence/coercivity,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (median destructive field,sediment,null,millitesla,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,median destructive field of natural remanent magnetization)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (saturation remanent magnetization,sediment,null,ampere square meter per kilogram,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (magnetic susceptibility,sediment,null,cubic meter per kilogram,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,ferromagnetic X)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows"> (HLY05-01 JPC5&gt;LATITUDE 72.694&gt;LONGITUDE -157.52)</dc:subject>
  <dc:description xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">We present a high-resolution Holocene sedimentary record 
of environmental variability from the eastern Chukchi Sea. 
An ice-rafted debris bearing silty-clay marks the deglacial 
to post-glacial Holocene transition at this site and is dated 
at 9.7 ka. An interval of oscillating magnetic parameters from 
9.5 to 8.7 ka coincides with the Holocene Thermal Maximum in 
the western Arctic, and is manifested at the study area as pulses 
of fine-grained magnetite input every 180-230 years, possibly 
from increased river discharge or stronger currents flowing 
over the core site.  The magnetic mineral assemblage is very 
uniform over the last 8.2 ka and consists of a mixture of magnetite, 
titanomagnetite, and a magnetic phase that we tentatively identify 
as the magnetic iron sulfide greigite.  The amount of magnetic 
iron sulfides increases up through the Holocene, a trend that 
is controlled by the amount of marine organic matter available 
to fuel bacterial sulfate reduction.  The median destructive 
field of the Natural Remanent Magnetization (MDFNRM) displays 
centennial to millennial scale cycles with significant variance 
at periods of 900–1300 and 1700–2700 years, with intervals of 
high MDFNRM values coinciding with indicators of greater sea ice 
cover [McKay, J., de Vernal, A., Hillaire-Marcel, C., Not, C., 
Polyak, L., Darby, D., 2008. Holocene fluctuations in Arctic 
sea-ice cover: Dinocyst-based reconstructions for the eastern 
Chukchi Sea. Can. J. Earth Sci. 45, 1399–1415]. The MDFNRM 
is controlled by the variable abundance of iron sulfides formed 
during early diagenesis. We interpret intervals of high MDFNRM 
values as times of stronger water column stratification, during 
which the pyritization process was interrupted by the lack of 
marine organic matter and lack of reactive iron. Intervals of 
low MDFNRM values, which coincide with indicators of reduced 
sea ice cover, are interpreted as times of stronger vertical 
mixing of the water column, which allows fresh marine organic 
matter and reactive iron to reach the seafloor, driving the 
pyritization process to completion. 

 
          STUDY NOTES: The dataset consists of rock magnetic parameters, 
which are sensitive to sea ice cover, paleoproductivity, 
and post depositional diagenesis along the Chukchi-Alaska 
margin. Piston Core HLY05-01 JPC5 and its trigger core TC5 
were collected from the eastern Chukchi Sea, North of Barrow, 
Alaska during cruise 05–01 of the USCGC Healy. The parameters 
include low-field magnetic susceptibility (X-LH), 
coercivity (Hc), saturation remanence (Mr), saturation 
magnetization (Ms), saturation remanence normalized by 
saturation magnetization (Mr/Ms), high-field magnetic 
susceptibility (Xhf), ferromagnetic susceptibility (Xf), 
coercivity of remanence (Hcr), coercivity of remanence 
normalized by coercivity (Hcr/Hc), S-ratio, saturation 
remanence normalized by low-field susceptibility (Mr/X), 
median destruction field of the natural remanent 
magnetization (MDF-NRM), anhysteretic remanent 
magnetization (ARM), median destructive field of the 
anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM-MDF), 
saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), 
and anhysteretic remanent magnetization normalized 
by saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (ARM/SIRM). 
The parameters MDF-NRM, ARM, MDF-ARM, and SIRM were measured 
on U-channel subsamples on 2G-Enterprises Model 760R u-channel 
magnetometer at the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. 
Low-field mass-normalized magnetic susceptibility (XLF) 
of dry samples was measured on an AGICO KLY-4 Kappabridge 
in an applied field of 300 A/m. Ferromagnetic susceptibility (XF) 
was calculated by subtracting the high-field slope (XHF) 
of the magnetization (M) vs. applied field (H) curve 
measured on a vibrating sample magnetometer from XLF. 
Magnetic hysteresis measurements were made on a Princeton 
Measurements Corp. micro-Vibrating Sample Magnetometer 
model 3900-04 at Montclair State University, NJ. 
Hysteresis loops were measured in a peak field of 1 T 
and field increments of 5 mT. Raw data were processed 
by using XHF, calculated from 0.7 to 1 T, to remove the 
paramagnetic contribution to the induced magnetization, 
and then normalized by dry mass. The hysteresis parameters 
saturation magnetization (Ms), saturation remanence (Mr) 
and coercivity (Hc) were determined from the paramagnetic- 
corrected data. The coercivity of remanence (Hcr) was 
determined through the DC-demagnetization of a saturation 
isothermal remanent magnetization imparted in a 1 T field. 
The S-ratio was measured by imparting a 1 T isothermal 
remanent magnetization, followed by the application of 
a 300 mT backfield, and calculating Mr(300mT)/MR(1T). 

A combination of 210Pb dating and Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) 
radiocarbon dating of calcareous shells was used to construct the 
depth-age model for TC5 and JPC5. 

</dc:description>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">NCDC-Paleoclimatology</dc:publisher>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce</dc:publisher>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Brachfeld, S.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Barletta, F.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : St-Onge, G.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Darby, D.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Ortiz, J.D. </dc:contributor>
  <dc:date xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">2010-12-31</dc:date>
  <dc:type xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">ONLINE Files</dc:type>
  <dc:format xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">online, ASCII</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10313</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/brachfeld2009/brachfeld2009.txt</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/brachfeld2009/brachfeld2009.xls</dc:identifier>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/brachfeld2009/brachfeld2009.txt</dc:source>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/brachfeld2009/brachfeld2009.xls</dc:source>
  <dc:language xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">English</dc:language>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10313</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/brachfeld2009/brachfeld2009.txt</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/brachfeld2009/brachfeld2009.xls</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Brachfeld, S., F. Barletta, G. St-Onge, D. Darby, and J. Ortiz. 2009. 
Impact of diagenesis on the environmental magnetic record from 
a Holocene sedimentary sequence from the Chukchi-Alaskan margin, 
Arctic Ocean. 
Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 68, pp. 100-114. 
doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.03.023 

</dc:relation>
  <dc:coverage xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">START YEAR: 9330 cal yr BP  * END YEAR: 1350 cal yr BP</dc:coverage>
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   <ows:LowerCorner>-157.52  72.694</ows:LowerCorner>
   <ows:UpperCorner>-157.52  72.694</ows:UpperCorner>
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