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  <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Arabian Sea NIOP905 87KYr Benthic Stable Isotope Data</dc:title>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Jung, S.J.A.; Kroon, D.; Ganssen, G.; Peeters, F.J.C.; Ganeshram, R.S.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Jung, S.J.A.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Kroon, D.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Ganssen, G.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Peeters, F.J.C.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Ganeshram, R.S.</dc:creator>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Heinrich Events</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,Cibicides kullenbergi,null,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,700-year running mean)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 13C,Cibicides kullenbergi,null,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,700-year running mean)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows"> (NIOP905&gt;LATITUDE 10.7669&gt;LONGITUDE 51.9511)</dc:subject>
  <dc:description xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">During the last glacial period, polar ice cores indicate climate 
asynchrony between the poles at the millennial time-scale. 
Yet, surface ocean circulation in large parts of the globe varied 
in tune with Greenland temperature fluctuations suggesting that 
any anti-phase behavior to a substantial degree must lie in the 
deeper global ocean circulation which is poorly understood outside 
the Atlantic Ocean. Here we present data from the north-western 
Indian Ocean which indicate that the timing of maxima in northward 
extensions of glacial Antarctic Intermediate Water (GAAIW) coincides 
with dramatically reduced thermohaline overturn in the North Atlantic 
associated with the Heinrich-ice surge events (HE). The repeated 
expansion of the GAAIW during HEs, recorded far north of the equator 
in the Arabian Sea, suggests that southern hemisphere driven
intermediate water mass variability forms an integral part of 
the inter-hemisphere asynchronous climate change behavior at 
the millennial time-scale. 

 
          STUDY NOTES: Benthic oxygen and carbon isotope data from the northwestern 
Arabian Sea measured on the epibenthic foraminifera C. kullenbergi. 
The data are from NIOP (Netherlands Indian Ocean Programme) Core 905, 
retrieved from the continental slope off Somalia in 1993 from 
a water depth of 1580 m. The age model is taken from Ivanochko 2005.

Oxygen and carbon isotope records are based on averages of multiple 
single specimen analysis of the epibenthic foraminifera C. kullenbergi. 
In a few limited cases Cibicidoides spp. were used to avoid gaps in 
the record where C. kullenbergi was rare.
</dc:description>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">NCDC-Paleoclimatology</dc:publisher>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce</dc:publisher>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Jung, S.J.A.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Kroon, D.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Ganssen, G.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Peeters, F.J.C.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Ganeshram, R.S.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:date xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">2010-04-13</dc:date>
  <dc:type xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">ONLINE Files</dc:type>
  <dc:format xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">online, ASCII</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10489</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/jung2009/jung2009.xls</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/jung2009/jung2009.txt</dc:identifier>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/jung2009/jung2009.xls</dc:source>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/jung2009/jung2009.txt</dc:source>
  <dc:language xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">English</dc:language>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10489</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/jung2009/jung2009.xls</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/jung2009/jung2009.txt</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Jung, S.J.A., D. Kroon, G. Ganssen, F. Peeters, and R. Ganeshram. 2009.
Enhanced Arabian Sea intermediate water flow during glacial 
North Atlantic cold phases. 
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 280, pp. 220-228. 
doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.037
</dc:relation>
  <dc:coverage xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">START YEAR: 87582 cal yr BP  * END YEAR: 956 cal yr BP</dc:coverage>
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   <ows:UpperCorner>51.9511  10.7669</ows:UpperCorner>
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