Western Atlantic Late Paleogene Foraminiferal Stable Isotope and Mg/Ca Data Katz, M.E.; Cramer, B.S. ; Toggweiler, J.R.; Esmay, G.; Liu, C.; Miller, K.G.; Rosenthal, Y.; Wade, B.S.; Wright, J.D. Katz, M.E. Cramer, B.S. Toggweiler, J.R. Esmay, G. Liu, C. Miller, K.G. Rosenthal, Y. Wade, B.S. Wright, J.D. Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,benthic foraminifer,null,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (depth,null,null,meter,null,paleoceanography,composited,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 13C,benthic foraminifer,null,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,normalized,null,N,adjusted to Cibicidoides sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 13C,benthic foraminifer,null,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (notes,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,taxa analyzed) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (sample identification,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (age,null,null,million years ago,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (magnesium/calcium,benthic foraminifer,null,millimole per mole,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (depth,null,null,meter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,mbsf) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (magnesium/calcium,benthic foraminifer,null,millimole per mole,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,plotted) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,benthic foraminifer,null,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,normalized,null,N,adjusted to Cibicidoides sp.) earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean (ASP-5>LATITUDE 33.1333>LONGITUDE -77.25) (ODP 1053>LATITUDE 29.9923>LONGITUDE -76.5236) Global cooling and the development of continental-scale Antarctic glaciation occurred in the late middle Eocene to early Oligocene (~38 to 28 million years ago), accompanied by deep-ocean reorganization attributed to gradual Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) development. Our benthic foraminiferal stable isotope comparisons show that a large d13C offset developed between mid-depth (~600 meters) and deep (>1000 meters) western North Atlantic waters in the early Oligocene, indicating the development of intermediate-depth d13C and O2 minima closely linked in the modern ocean to northward incursion of Antarctic Intermediate Water. At the same time, the ocean's coldest waters became restricted to south of the ACC, probably forming a bottom-ocean layer, as in the modern ocean. We show that the modern four-layer ocean structure (surface, intermediate, deep, and bottom waters) developed during the early Oligocene as a consequence of the ACC. STUDY NOTES: Benthic foraminifera stable isotope and Mg/Ca data from 2 western North Atlantic sediment cores from the late middle Eocene to early Oligocene (~38 to 28 million years ago) NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Katz, M.E. Investigator : Cramer, B.S. Investigator : Toggweiler, J.R. Investigator : Esmay, G. Investigator : Liu, C. Investigator : Miller, K.G. Investigator : Rosenthal, Y. Investigator : Wade, B.S. Investigator : Wright, J.D. 2013-10-25 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15293 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/katz2011/katz2011asp5iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/katz2011/katz2011asp5mg-ca.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/katz2011/katz2011odp1053.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/katz2011/katz2011asp5iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/katz2011/katz2011asp5mg-ca.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/katz2011/katz2011odp1053.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15293 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/katz2011/katz2011asp5iso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/katz2011/katz2011asp5mg-ca.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/katz2011/katz2011odp1053.txt Miriam E. Katz, Benjamin S. Cramer, J.R. Toggweiler, Gar Esmay, Chengjie Liu, Kenneth G. Miller, Yair Rosenthal, Bridget S. Wade, and James D. Wright. 2011Impact of Antarctic Circumpolar Current Development on Late Paleogene Ocean StructureScience33260331076-107910.1126/science.1202122 START YEAR: 38065000 cal yr BP * END YEAR: 22795000 cal yr BP -77.25 29.9923 -76.5236 33.1333