North Atlantic Deglacial Isotope Data and Reconstructions of Salinity and SST Thornalley, D.J.R.; Elderfield, H.; McCave, I.N. Thornalley, D.J.R. Elderfield, H. McCave, I.N. Heinrich Events Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction Younger Dryas earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (notes,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,null,C,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Magnesium Calcium ratio N. pachyderma left coiling) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (salinity,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea surface,null,practical salinity unit,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,Globigerina bulloides with whole ocean change correction) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (delta 18O,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea water,null,per mil VPDB,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,seawater using G. inflata ice-volume corrected) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral,null,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,left coiling) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,Melonis barleeanus,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,ice-volume corrected) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,Globigerina bulloides,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (ice rafted debris,dry sediment,null,count per gram,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,>250 microns; excluding volcanics) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (salinity,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea surface,null,practical salinity unit,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Globigerina bulloides) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (salinity,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea surface,null,practical salinity unit,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,Globorotalia inflata with whole ocean change correction) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,ka before 2000) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 13C,Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,ice-volume corrected) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (magnesium/calcium,Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral,null,millimole per mole,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (magnesium/calcium,Globigerina bulloides,null,millimole per mole,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (delta 18O,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea water,null,per mil VPDB,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,seawater using N. pachyderma left coiling ice-volume corrected) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (delta 18O,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea water,null,per mil VPDB,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,seawater using G. bulloides ice-volume corrected) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (delta 18O,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea water,null,per mil VPDB,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,seawater using G. bulloides ice-volume corrected) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,null,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,anomalized,null,N,global delta 18O correction using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve assuming a LGM to late Holocene shift of 1 ‰) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,Melonis barleeanus,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,vital effect of -0.24 applied) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,null,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,anomalized,null,N,using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve assuming a LGM to late Holocene shift of 1 ‰) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 13C,Globorotalia inflata,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,ice-volume corrected) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (salinity,sea surface,null,practical salinity unit,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,anomalized,null,N,global salinity correction based on LeGrande and Schmidt (2006) and N. pachyderma mixing with a freshwater endmember) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (Neogloboquadrina pachyderma,null,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,150-250 microns) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 13C,Globorotalia inflata,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (delta 18O,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea water,null,per mil VPDB,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,seawater using G. inflata ice-volume corrected) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (depth at sample start,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,ice-volume corrected) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (total foraminifers,null,null,count,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Magnesium Calcium ratio G. bulloides) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Magnesium Calcium ratio G. inflata) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 13C,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,Globorotalia inflata,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,Globigerina bulloides,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,ice-volume corrected) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (salinity,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea surface,null,practical salinity unit,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Globorotalia inflata) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (depth at sample end,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (sand,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,(>63 micron)) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (magnesium/calcium,Globorotalia inflata,null,millimole per mole,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean (RAPiD-12-1K>LATITUDE 62.08>LONGITUDE -17.82) (RAPiD-15-4P>LATITUDE 62.2994>LONGITUDE -17.1344) (RAPiD-17-5P>LATITUDE 61.481667>LONGITUDE -19.536) (RAPiD-10-1P>LATITUDE 62.9755>LONGITUDE -17.5895) Greenland ice core records indicate that the last deglaciation (~7-21 ka) was punctuated by numerous abrupt climate reversals involving temperature changes of up to 5°C-10°C within decades. However, the cause behind many of these events is uncertain. A likely candidate may have been the input of deglacial meltwater, from the Laurentide ice sheet (LIS), to the high-latitude North Atlantic, which disrupted ocean circulation and triggered cooling. Yet the direct evidence of meltwater input for many of these events has so far remained undetected. In this study, we use the geochemistry (paired Mg/Ca-d18O) of planktonic foraminifera from a sediment core south of Iceland to reconstruct the input of freshwater to the northern North Atlantic during abrupt deglacial climate change. Our record can be placed on the same timescale as ice cores and therefore provides a direct comparison between the timing of freshwater input and climate variability. Meltwater events coincide with the onset of numerous cold intervals, including the Older Dryas (14.0 ka), two events during the Allerød (at ~13.1 and 13.6 ka), the Younger Dryas (12.9 ka), and the 8.2 ka event, supporting a causal link between these abrupt climate changes and meltwater input. During the Bølling-Allerød warm interval, we find that periods of warming are associated with an increased meltwater flux to the northern North Atlantic, which in turn induces abrupt cooling, a cessation in meltwater input, and eventual climate recovery. This implies that feedback between climate and meltwater input produced a highly variable climate. A comparison to published data sets suggests that this feedback likely included fluctuations in the southern margin of the LIS causing rerouting of LIS meltwater between southern and eastern drainage outlets, as proposed by Clark et al. (2001). STUDY NOTES: Data collected by David J.R. Thornalley (Univ. of Cambridge); Principal Investigator: I. Nick McCave (Univ. of Cambridge); cruise CD-159, funded by UK RAPID program. Stable isotope values relative to VPDB standard, run in Godwin Laboratory, Univ. of Cambridge. Temperature calculated using Mg/Ca = B exp (0.1 × T). B = 0.794, 0.76 and 0.52 for G. bulloides, G. inflata and N. pachy. (s) respectively. RAPiD-10-1P: N. pachy. (s) and Cib. spp. isotope data originally presented in Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001833. RAPiD-12-1K: Please cite Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, Nature, 2009. For % sand and G. inflata d13C data, please cite Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, Paleoceanography, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001833. Vital effect of -0.24 applied to Melonis d18O data. Salinity calculated using Kim and O'Neil (1997) to obtain d18Osw, including a 0.6‰ offset for G. bulloides, and VPDB to SMOW conversion of 0.27‰; Converted to salinity using Schmidt and Legrande (2006) N. Atlantic d18Osw-S relationship; Also corrected for whole ocean d18O and salinity changes (1 per mil glacial-interglacial) scaled to Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve. Core-top age assignment: The core-top was not lost; assume 0cm=2004AD, but account for top 2 cm well mixed by bioturbation. RAPiD-15-4P: All data except N. pachy.(s) originally presented in Thornalley, McCave & Elderfield, 2010, Paleoceanography, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001772. N. pachy. (s) isotope data originally presented in Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, Paleoceanography, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001833. d18Osw calculated using Kim and O'Neil (1997), including a -0.6‰ offset for G. bulloides. Note - no offset used for N. pachy.(s) contrary to manuscript, and VPDB to SMOW conversion of 0.27‰ "Ice-volume corrected" for whole ocean changes using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve, assuming a LGM to late Holocene shift of 1‰. Salinity calculated based on North Atlantic relation of LeGrande and Schmidt (2006) and also for N. pachyderma for mixing with a freshwater endmember RAPiD-17-5P: C. wuell. And IRD data originally presented in Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, Paleoceanography, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001833. d18Osw calculated using Kim and O'Neil (1997), including a 0.6‰ offset for G. bulloides, and VPDB to SMOW conversion of 0.27‰ "Ice-volume corrected" for whole ocean changes using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve, assuming a LGM to late Holocene shift of 1‰. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Thornalley, D.J.R. Investigator : Elderfield, H. Investigator : McCave, I.N. 2014-05-21 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16491 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-12-1k-plank.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-15-4p-benth.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-17-5p-plank.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-10-1p-plank.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-RAPiD-foram.xls https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-15-4p-plank.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-12-1k-benth.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-10-1p-benth.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-17-5p-benth.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-12-1k-plank.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-15-4p-benth.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-17-5p-plank.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-10-1p-plank.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-RAPiD-foram.xls https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-15-4p-plank.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-12-1k-benth.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-10-1p-benth.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-17-5p-benth.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16491 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-12-1k-plank.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-15-4p-benth.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-17-5p-plank.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-10-1p-plank.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-RAPiD-foram.xls https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-15-4p-plank.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-12-1k-benth.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-10-1p-benth.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-17-5p-benth.txt Thornalley, D.J.R., H. Elderfield, and I.N. McCave2011Reconstructing North Atlantic deglacial surface hydrography and its link to the Atlantic overturning circulationGlobal and Planetary Change79163-17510.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.06.003 Thornalley, D.J.R., I.N. McCave, and H. Elderfield. 2010. Freshwater input and abrupt deglacial climate change in the North Atlantic. Paleoceanography, 25, PA1201, doi:10.1029/2009PA001772. Thornalley, D.J.R., H. Elderfield, and I.N. McCave2010Intermediate and Deep Water Paleoceanography of the Northern North Atlantic Over the Past 21,000 yearsPaleoceanography25PA121110.1029/2009PA001833 Thornalley, D.J.R., H. Elderfield, and I.N. McCave2009Holocene oscillations in temperature and salinity of the subpolar North AtlanticNature4575711-71410.1038/nature07717 START YEAR: 21726 cal yr BP * END YEAR: -50 cal yr BP -19.536 61.481667 -17.1344 62.9755