Cenozoic High and Low Latitude Marine Benthic d18O Stacks Mudelsee, M.; Bickert, T.; Lear, C.H.; Lohmann, G. Mudelsee, M. Bickert, T. Lear, C.H. Lohmann, G. earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,benthic foraminifer,null,per mil,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,benthic foraminifer,range lower bound,per mil,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (age,null,null,million years ago,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,benthic foraminifer,range upper bound,per mil,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean (High Latitude Marine>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE ) (Low Latitude Marine>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE ) The climate during the Cenozoic era changed in several steps from ice-free poles and warm conditions to ice-covered poles and cold conditions. Since the 1950s, a body of information on ice volume and temperature changes has been built up predominantly on the basis of measurements of the oxygen isotopic composition of shells of benthic foraminifera collected from marine sediment cores. The statistical methodology of time series analysis has also evolved, allowing more information to be extracted from these records. Here we provide a comprehensive view of Cenozoic climate evolution by means of a coherent and systematic application of time series analytical tools to each record from a compilation spanning the interval from 4 to 61 Myr ago. We quantitatively describe several prominent features of the oxygen isotope record, taking into account the various sources of uncertainty (including measurement, proxy noise, and dating errors). The estimated transition times and amplitudes allow us to assess causal climatological-tectonic influences on the following known features of the Cenozoic oxygen isotopic record: Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Eocene-Oligocene Transition, Oligocene-Miocene Boundary, and the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum. We further describe and causally interpret the following features: Paleocene-Eocene warming trend, the two-step, long-term Eocene cooling, and the changes within the most recent interval (Miocene-Pliocene). We review the scope and methods of constructing Cenozoic stacks of benthic oxygen isotope records and present two new latitudinal stacks, which capture besides global ice volume also bottom water temperatures at low (less than 30°) and high latitudes. This review concludes with an identification of future directions for data collection, statistical method development, and climate modeling. STUDY NOTES: Marine benthic delta 18O stacks for the high latitudes (greater than or equal to 30 degrees North/South) and for the low latitudes (less than 30 degrees North/South). For details see Section 4.3 and Figure 15 of Mudelsee et al. 2014. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Mudelsee, M. Investigator : Bickert, T. Investigator : Lear, C.H. Investigator : Lohmann, G. 2014-08-13 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17034 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mudelsee2014/mudelsee2014highlat.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mudelsee2014/mudelsee2014lowlat.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mudelsee2014/mudelsee2014highlat.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mudelsee2014/mudelsee2014lowlat.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17034 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mudelsee2014/mudelsee2014highlat.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mudelsee2014/mudelsee2014lowlat.txt Manfred Mudelsee, Torsten Bickert, Caroline H. Lear, and Gerrit Lohmann2014Cenozoic climate changes: A review based on time series analysis of marine benthic d18O recordsReviews of Geophysics10.1002/2013RG000440http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013RG000440/abstract START YEAR: 61000000 cal yr BP * END YEAR: 4000000 cal yr BP -180 -90 180 90