Makassar Strait - Single specimens of P. obliquiloculata d18O and d13C from 704-1851 AD Khider, D.; Stott, L.D.; Emile-Geay, J.; Thunell, R.C.; Hammond, D.E. Khider, D. Stott, L.D. Emile-Geay, J. Thunell, R.C. Hammond, D.E. ENSO Little Ice Age (LIA) Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 13C,Pulleniatina obliquiloculata,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (age at sample end,null,null,year Common Era,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,Pulleniatina obliquiloculata,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (weight,foraminifer,null,microgram,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (age at sample start,null,null,year Common Era,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (depth at sample start,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (depth at sample end,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean (MD98-2177>LATITUDE 1.4033>LONGITUDE 119.078) We present a reconstruction of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability spanning the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, A.D. 800-1300) and the Little Ice Age (LIA, A.D. 1500-1850). Changes in ENSO are estimated by comparing the spread and symmetry of d18O values of individual speciments of the thermocline-dwelling foraminifer Pulleniatina obliquiloculata extracted from discrete time horizons of a sediment core collected in the Sulawesi Sea, at the edge of the western tropical Pacific warm pool. The spread of individual d18O values is interpreted to be a measure of the strength of both phases of ENSO while the symmetry of the d18O distributions is used to evaluate the relative strength/frequency of El Nino and La Nina events. In contrast to previous studies, we use robust and resistant statistics to quantify the spread and symmetry of the d18O distributions; an approach motivated by the relatively small sample size and the presence of outliers. Furthermore, we use a pseudo-proxy to investigate the effects of the different paleo-environmental factors on the statistics of the d18O distributions, which could bias the paleo-ENSO reconstruction. We find no systematic difference in the magnitude/strength of ENSO during the Nothern Hemisphere MCA or LIA. However, our results suggest that ENSO during the MCA was kewed toward stronger/more frequent La Nina than El Nino, an observation consistent with the medieval megadroughts documented from sites in western North America. STUDY NOTES: This dataset contains the d18O, d13C, and weights of single specimens of P. obliquiloculata used in the reconstruction of ENSO variability over the past 2,000 years. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Khider, D. Investigator : Stott, L.D. Investigator : Emile-Geay, J. Investigator : Thunell, R.C. Investigator : Hammond, D.E. 2015-03-31 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18315 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/khider2011/khider2011.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/khider2011/khider2011.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18315 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/khider2011/khider2011.txt Khider, D., L. Stott, J. Emile-Geay, R. Thunell, and D.E. Hammond2011Assessing El Nino Southern Oscillation variability during the past millenniumPaleoceanography26PA322210.1029/2011PA002139 START YEAR: 704 AD * END YEAR: 1851 AD 119.078 1.4033 119.078 1.4033