PAGES Ocean2k Synthesis Data Set McGregor, H.V.; Evans, M.N.; Goosse, H.; Leduc, G.; Martrat, B.; Addison, J.A.; Mortyn, P.G.; Oppo, D.W.; Seidenkrantz, M.-S.; Sicre, M.-A.; Phipps, S.J.; Kandasamy, K.; Thirumalai, K.; Filipsson, H.L.; Ersek, V. McGregor, H.V. Evans, M.N. Goosse, H. Leduc, G. Martrat, B. Addison, J.A. Mortyn, P.G. Oppo, D.W. Seidenkrantz, M.-S. Sicre, M.-A. Phipps, S.J. Kandasamy, K. Thirumalai, K. Filipsson, H.L. Ersek, V. PAGES Ocean 2k Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean (Global>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE ) The oceans mediate the response of global climate to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Yet for the past 2,000 years - a key interval for understanding the present and future climate response to these forcings - global sea surface temperature changes and the underlying driving mechanisms are poorly constrained. Here we present a global synthesis of sea surface temperatures for the Common Era (CE) derived from 57 individual marine reconstructions that meet strict quality control criteria. We observe a cooling trend from 1 to 1800 CE that is robust against explicit tests for potential biases in the reconstructions. Between 801 and 1800 CE, the surface cooling trend is qualitatively consistent with an independent synthesis of terrestrial temperature reconstructions, and with a sea surface temperature composite derived from an ensemble of climate model simulations using best estimates of past external radiative forcings. Climate simulations using single and cumulative forcings suggest that the ocean surface cooling trend from 801 to 1800 CE is not primarily a response to orbital forcing but arises from a high frequency of explosive volcanism. Our results show that repeated clusters of volcanic eruptions can induce a net negative radiative forcing that results in a centennial and global scale cooling trend via a decline in mixed-layer oceanic heat content. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : McGregor, H.V. Investigator : Evans, M.N. Investigator : Goosse, H. Investigator : Leduc, G. Investigator : Martrat, B. Investigator : Addison, J.A. Investigator : Mortyn, P.G. Investigator : Oppo, D.W. Investigator : Seidenkrantz, M.-S. Investigator : Sicre, M.-A. Investigator : Phipps, S.J. Investigator : Kandasamy, K. Investigator : Thirumalai, K. Investigator : Filipsson, H.L. Investigator : Ersek, V. 2015-08-17 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18718 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/Ocean2kLR2015.zip https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/Ocean2kLR2015sst.csv https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/Ocean2kLR2015sst.xlsx https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/Ocean2kLR2015.zip https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/Ocean2kLR2015sst.csv https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/Ocean2kLR2015sst.xlsx English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18718 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/Ocean2kLR2015.zip https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/Ocean2kLR2015sst.csv https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/Ocean2kLR2015sst.xlsx Helen V. McGregor, Michael N. Evans, Hugues Goosse, Guillaume Leduc, Belen Martrat, Jason A. Addison, P. Graham Mortyn, Delia W. Oppo, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Steven J. Phipps, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Kaustubh Thirumalai, Helena L. Filipsson, and Vasile Ersek2015Robust global ocean cooling trend for the pre-industrial Common EraNature Geoscience10.1038/NGEO2510http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo2510.html START YEAR: 0 AD * END YEAR: 2000 AD -180 -90 180 90