Gulf of Aden 40,000 Year UK37, Mg/Ca, d18O, and TEX86 Data Tierney, J.E.; Pausata, F.; deMenocal, P.B. Tierney, J.E. Pausata, F. deMenocal, P.B. Monsoon earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry|liquid chromotography,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Indian Ocean SST calibration (Sonzogni et al. 1997 Quaternary Research)) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (magnesium/calcium,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (sea surface temperature,glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,BAYSPAR subsurface calibration (Tierney and Tingley 2015 Scientific Data); based on TEX86) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,New multivariate calibration developed for this study; see Supplementary Information; used G. ruber white) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,null,null,per mil VSMOW,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean (P178-15P>LATITUDE 11.955>LONGITUDE 44.3) The Indian monsoon, the largest monsoon system on Earth, responds to remote climatic forcings, including temperature changes in the North Atlantic. The monsoon was weak during two cool periods that punctuated the last deglaciation - Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas. It has been suggested that sea surface cooling in the Indian Ocean was the critical link between these North Atlantic stadials and monsoon failure; however, based on existing proxy records it is unclear whether surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea dropped during these intervals. Here we compile new and existing temperature proxy data from the Arabian Sea, and find that surface temperatures cooled whereas subsurface temperatures warmed during both Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas. Our analysis of model simulations shows that surface cooling weakens the monsoon winds and leads to destratification of the water column and substantial subsurface warming. We thus conclude that sea surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean are indeed the link between North Atlantic climate and the strength of the Indian monsoon. STUDY NOTES: Gulf of Aden temperature proxy data, including UK'37, Mg/Ca of foraminifera (Globigerinoides ruber, white), d18O of G. ruber (white), and TEX86 measured on core P178-15P. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Tierney, J.E. Investigator : Pausata, F. Investigator : deMenocal, P.B. 2015-12-07 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19420 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tierney2015c/tierney2015c.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tierney2015c/tierney2015c.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19420 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tierney2015c/tierney2015c.txt Jessica E. Tierney, Francesco S. R. Pausata, Peter deMenocal2015Deglacial Indian monsoon failure and North Atlantic stadials linked by Indian Ocean surface coolingNature Geoscience10.1038/ngeo2603http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo2603.html START YEAR: 39485 cal yr BP * END YEAR: -18 cal yr BP 44.3 11.955 44.3 11.955