Gulf of Aden 200,000 Year Stable Isotope and Alkenone SST Data Tierney, J.E.; deMenocal, P.B.; Zander, P.D. Tierney, J.E. deMenocal, P.B. Zander, P.D. Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 13C,Globigerinoides ruber white,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,sensu stricto 250-350 um) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,benthic foraminifer,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Uvigerina spp. sensu stricto 250-350 um) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 2H,C30 n-alkanoic acid,null,per mil VSMOW,null,paleoceanography,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,higher plant leaf waxes) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 13C,benthic foraminifer,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Uvigerina spp. sensu stricto 250-350 um) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 13C,C30 n-alkanoic acid,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,higher plant leaf waxes) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (depth,null,null,centimeter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,midpoint) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Sonzogni et al. 1997 calibration: UK'37 = 0.023*SST + .316) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 2H,C30 n-alkanoic acid,null,per mil VSMOW,null,paleoceanography,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,higher plant leaf waxes-ice volume corrected) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (delta 18O,Globigerinoides ruber white,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,sensu stricto 250-350 um) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoceanography (alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|paleoceanography (age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean earth science/paleoclimate/paleocean (RC09-166>LATITUDE 12.15>LONGITUDE 44.4) Around 200,000 yr ago, Homo sapiens emerged in Africa. By 40 ka, Homo sapiens had spread throughout Eurasia, and a major competing species, the Neanderthals, became extinct. The factors that drove our species "out of Africa" remain a topic of vigorous debate. Existing research invokes climate change as either providing opportunities or imposing limits on human migration. Yet the paleoclimate history of northeast Africa, the gateway to migration, is unknown. Here, we reconstruct temperature and aridity in the Horn of Africa region spanning the past 200,000 yr. Our data suggest that warm and wet conditions from 120,000 to 90,000 yr ago could have facilitated early waves of human migration toward the Levant and Arabia, as supported by fossil and lithic evidence. However, the primary out-of-Africa event, as constrained by genetic studies (ca. 65-55 ka), occurred during a cold and dry time. This complicates the climate-migration relationship, suggesting that both "push" and "pull" factors may have prompted Homo sapiens to colonize Eurasia. STUDY NOTES: Stable isotope (dD, d18O, d13C) data and alkenone SST from sediments collected in Gulf of Aden sediment core RC09-166 for the past 200,000 years. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Tierney, J.E. Investigator : deMenocal, P.B. Investigator : Zander, P.D. 2017-10-03 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22544 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tierney2017b/tierney2017b.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tierney2017b/tierney2017b.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22544 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tierney2017b/tierney2017b.txt Jessica E. Tierney, Peter B. deMenocal, Paul D. Zander2017A climatic context for the out-of-Africa migrationGeology.1130/G39457.1https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geology/article/516677/a-climatic-context-for-the-out-of-africa-migration START YEAR: 212041 cal yr BP * END YEAR: 1884 cal yr BP 44.4 12.15 44.4 12.15