Central Europe 1000 Year Documentary Temperature Reconstruction Glaser, R.; Riemann, D. Glaser, R. Riemann, D. Air Temperature Reconstruction earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Aug,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average"","" -/+2 cold/warm"","" -/+3 very cold/very warm") earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Dec,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average"","" -/+2 cold/warm"","" -/+3 very cold/very warm") earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Feb,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average"","" -/+2 cold/warm"","" -/+3 very cold/very warm") earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|historical (surface temperature,null,95% confidence interval lower bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions|historical,anomalized|smoothed,regression analysis,N,smooth: 11 year moving average; reference period: 1761-1970 A.D.; calibration data set: local instrumental data; simple linear regression) earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Dec-Feb,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average") earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Jan,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average"","" -/+2 cold/warm"","" -/+3 very cold/very warm") earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|historical (surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions|historical,anomalized|smoothed,regression analysis,N,smooth: 11 year moving average; reference period: 1761-1970 A.D.; calibration data set: local instrumental data; simple linear regression) earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Jun-Aug,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average") earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Sep-Nov,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average") earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Apr,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average"","" -/+2 cold/warm"","" -/+3 very cold/very warm") earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Mar-May,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average") earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Jul,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average"","" -/+2 cold/warm"","" -/+3 very cold/very warm") earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Mar,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average"","" -/+2 cold/warm"","" -/+3 very cold/very warm") earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|historical (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|historical,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,May,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average"","" -/+2 cold/warm"","" -/+3 very cold/very warm") earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Jun,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average"","" -/+2 cold/warm"","" -/+3 very cold/very warm") earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Sep,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average"","" -/+2 cold/warm"","" -/+3 very cold/very warm") earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Oct,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average"","" -/+2 cold/warm"","" -/+3 very cold/very warm") earth science/paleoclimate/historical (temperature,null,null,dimensionless,Nov,historical,null,null,N,"temperature index with 0=average"","" -/+1 colder/warmer than average"","" -/+2 cold/warm"","" -/+3 very cold/very warm") earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|historical (surface temperature,null,95% confidence interval upper bound,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions|historical,anomalized|smoothed,regression analysis,N,smooth: 11 year moving average; reference period: 1761-1970 A.D.; calibration data set: local instrumental data; simple linear regression) earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions (Central Europe>LATITUDE 49>LONGITUDE 13) This paper presents a temperature reconstruction of the past 1000 years for Central Europe, based on chronological records. The advantages and limitations of this hermeneutic, text-based approach are discussed and the statistic methodology is introduced. Historical documents represent direct observation of weather and atmospheric conditions with highest temporal resolution available and precise dating. A major advantage of these extensive data is that they allow the reconstruction of large numbers of variables such as winter temperature, precipitation, pressure patterns or climate extremes as well as floods or storms. Within this hermeneutic climatological research approach, even human impacts and social dimensions of climate development can be examined. In order to quantify the historical information, statistical methods are applied, based on an index approach. STUDY NOTES: Temperature indices and reconstruction for Germany and Central Europe over the past 1000 years, based on documentary data. Three time series are presented: seasonally resolved indices for 1000-1500 A.D., monthly resolved indices for 1500-2006 A.D., and 11-year smoothed temperature reconstruction for 1000-2000 A.D. Large parts of the underlying historical data on which the reconstruction is based can be accessed at HISKLID (Historische Klimadatenbank Deutschland - Historical Climate Database Germany), database of climate and environment related information from documentary sources for Central Europe: www.hisklid.de NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Glaser, R. Investigator : Riemann, D. 2010-04-29 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10432 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/glaser2009temperature/glaser2009temperature.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/glaser2009temperature/glaser2009temperature.xls https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/glaser2009temperature/glaser2009temperature.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/glaser2009temperature/glaser2009temperature.xls English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10432 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/glaser2009temperature/glaser2009temperature.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/glaser2009temperature/glaser2009temperature.xls Glaser, R. and Riemann, D. 2009. A thousand-year record of temperature variations for Germany and Central Europe based on documentary data. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 24, pp. 437-449. ISSN 0267-8179. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1302 START YEAR: 1000 AD * END YEAR: 2006 AD 6 45 20 53