Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA) Cook, E.R.; Anchukaitis, K.J.; Buckley, B.M.; D'Arrigo, R.D.; Jacoby, G.C.; Wright, W. Cook, E.R. Anchukaitis, K.J. Buckley, B.M. D'Arrigo, R.D. Jacoby, G.C. Wright, W. Monsoon Palmer Drought Index Reconstruction drought earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (longitude,null,null,degree east,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (Palmer Drought Severity Index,null,verification coefficient of determination,dimensionless,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (Palmer Drought Severity Index,null,calibration coefficient of determination,dimensionless,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (Palmer Drought Severity Index,null,null,dimensionless,Jun-Aug,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (Palmer Drought Severity Index,null,null,dimensionless,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (Palmer Drought Severity Index,null,verification coefficient of efficiency,dimensionless,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (latitude,null,null,degree north,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (longitude,null,null,degree east,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (latitude,null,null,degree north,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (Palmer Drought Severity Index,null,calibration leave-one-out cross-validation reduction of error,dimensionless,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (Palmer Drought Severity Index,null,verification reduction of error,dimensionless,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions (MADA-10>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 61.25) (MADA-18>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 63.75) (MADA-26>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 63.75) (MADA-46>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 68.75) (MADA-53>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 68.75) (MADA-83>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 73.75) (MADA-84>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 73.75) (MADA-91>LATITUDE 13.75>LONGITUDE 76.25) (MADA-119>LATITUDE 31.25>LONGITUDE 78.75) (MADA-125>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 78.75) (MADA-146>LATITUDE 53.75>LONGITUDE 81.25) (MADA-160>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 83.75) (MADA-164>LATITUDE 21.25>LONGITUDE 86.25) (MADA-172>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 86.25) (MADA-175>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 86.25) (MADA-181>LATITUDE 26.25>LONGITUDE 88.75) (MADA-193>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 88.75) (MADA-201>LATITUDE 38.75>LONGITUDE 91.25) (MADA-205>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 91.25) (MADA-206>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 91.25) (MADA-209>LATITUDE 16.25>LONGITUDE 93.75) (MADA-222>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 93.75) (MADA-227>LATITUDE 16.25>LONGITUDE 96.25) (MADA-235>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 96.25) (MADA-240>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 96.25) (MADA-245>LATITUDE 1.25>LONGITUDE 98.75) (MADA-250>LATITUDE 13.75>LONGITUDE 98.75) (MADA-278>LATITUDE 23.75>LONGITUDE 101.25) (MADA-281>LATITUDE 31.25>LONGITUDE 101.25) (MADA-291>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 101.25) (MADA-307>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 103.75) (MADA-313>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 103.75) (MADA-318>LATITUDE -3.75>LONGITUDE 106.25) (MADA-321>LATITUDE 16.25>LONGITUDE 106.25) (MADA-335>LATITUDE 53.75>LONGITUDE 106.25) (MADA-344>LATITUDE 16.25>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-349>LATITUDE 28.75>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-350>LATITUDE 31.25>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-354>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-357>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-363>LATITUDE -1.25>LONGITUDE 111.25) (MADA-383>LATITUDE 1.25>LONGITUDE 113.75) (MADA-393>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 113.75) (MADA-412>LATITUDE 38.75>LONGITUDE 116.25) (MADA-418>LATITUDE 53.75>LONGITUDE 116.25) (MADA-420>LATITUDE -8.75>LONGITUDE 118.75) (MADA-432>LATITUDE 38.75>LONGITUDE 118.75) (MADA-443>LATITUDE 6.25>LONGITUDE 121.25) (MADA-449>LATITUDE 28.75>LONGITUDE 121.25) (MADA-451>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 121.25) (MADA-452>LATITUDE 38.75>LONGITUDE 121.25) (MADA-454>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 121.25) (MADA-456>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 121.25) (MADA-474>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 126.25) (MADA-475>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 126.25) (MADA-479>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 126.25) (MADA-483>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 126.25) (MADA-500>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 131.25) (MADA-511>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 136.25) (MADA-512>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 136.25) (MADA-516>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 138.75) (MADA-522>LATITUDE 53.75>LONGITUDE 138.75) (MADA-529>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 141.25) (MADA-1>LATITUDE 26.25>LONGITUDE 61.25) (MADA-7>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 61.25) (MADA-11>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 61.25) (MADA-23>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 63.75) (MADA-28>LATITUDE 26.25>LONGITUDE 66.25) (MADA-31>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 66.25) (MADA-36>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 66.25) (MADA-43>LATITUDE 26.25>LONGITUDE 68.75) (MADA-50>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 68.75) (MADA-61>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 71.25) (MADA-64>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 71.25) (MADA-71>LATITUDE 13.75>LONGITUDE 73.75) (MADA-80>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 73.75) (MADA-86>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 73.75) (MADA-93>LATITUDE 18.75>LONGITUDE 76.25) (MADA-96>LATITUDE 26.25>LONGITUDE 76.25) (MADA-105>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 76.25) (MADA-112>LATITUDE 13.75>LONGITUDE 78.75) (MADA-113>LATITUDE 16.25>LONGITUDE 78.75) (MADA-116>LATITUDE 23.75>LONGITUDE 78.75) (MADA-117>LATITUDE 26.25>LONGITUDE 78.75) (MADA-127>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 78.75) (MADA-128>LATITUDE 53.75>LONGITUDE 78.75) (MADA-147>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 81.25) (MADA-163>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 83.75) (MADA-178>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 86.25) (MADA-187>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 88.75) (MADA-200>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 91.25) (MADA-202>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 91.25) (MADA-204>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 91.25) (MADA-208>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 91.25) (MADA-215>LATITUDE 31.25>LONGITUDE 93.75) (MADA-216>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 93.75) (MADA-217>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 93.75) (MADA-224>LATITUDE 53.75>LONGITUDE 93.75) (MADA-234>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 96.25) (MADA-246>LATITUDE 3.75>LONGITUDE 98.75) (MADA-247>LATITUDE 6.25>LONGITUDE 98.75) (MADA-254>LATITUDE 23.75>LONGITUDE 98.75) (MADA-262>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 98.75) (MADA-271>LATITUDE 3.75>LONGITUDE 101.25) (MADA-283>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 101.25) (MADA-284>LATITUDE 38.75>LONGITUDE 101.25) (MADA-302>LATITUDE 21.25>LONGITUDE 103.75) (MADA-310>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 103.75) (MADA-311>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 103.75) (MADA-323>LATITUDE 23.75>LONGITUDE 106.25) (MADA-332>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 106.25) (MADA-337>LATITUDE -8.75>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-343>LATITUDE 13.75>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-348>LATITUDE 26.25>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-355>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-361>LATITUDE -8.75>LONGITUDE 111.25) (MADA-366>LATITUDE 23.75>LONGITUDE 111.25) (MADA-369>LATITUDE 31.25>LONGITUDE 111.25) (MADA-375>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 111.25) (MADA-378>LATITUDE 53.75>LONGITUDE 111.25) (MADA-381>LATITUDE -3.75>LONGITUDE 113.75) (MADA-384>LATITUDE 3.75>LONGITUDE 113.75) (MADA-409>LATITUDE 31.25>LONGITUDE 116.25) (MADA-415>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 116.25) (MADA-425>LATITUDE 16.25>LONGITUDE 118.75) (MADA-467>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 123.75) (MADA-487>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 128.75) (MADA-488>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 128.75) (MADA-490>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 128.75) (MADA-492>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 128.75) (MADA-493>LATITUDE 31.25>LONGITUDE 131.25) (MADA-494>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 131.25) (MADA-518>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 138.75) (MADA-520>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 138.75) (MADA-523>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 138.75) (MADA-525>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 141.25) (MADA-532>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 143.75) (MADA-534>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 143.75) (MADA-20>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 63.75) (MADA-32>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 66.25) (MADA-73>LATITUDE 18.75>LONGITUDE 73.75) (MADA-85>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 73.75) (MADA-102>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 76.25) (MADA-111>LATITUDE 11.25>LONGITUDE 78.75) (MADA-122>LATITUDE 38.75>LONGITUDE 78.75) (MADA-126>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 78.75) (MADA-129>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 78.75) (MADA-130>LATITUDE 6.25>LONGITUDE 81.25) (MADA-131>LATITUDE 16.25>LONGITUDE 81.25) (MADA-133>LATITUDE 21.25>LONGITUDE 81.25) (MADA-134>LATITUDE 23.75>LONGITUDE 81.25) (MADA-152>LATITUDE 28.75>LONGITUDE 83.75) (MADA-166>LATITUDE 26.25>LONGITUDE 86.25) (MADA-171>LATITUDE 38.75>LONGITUDE 86.25) (MADA-186>LATITUDE 38.75>LONGITUDE 88.75) (MADA-188>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 88.75) (MADA-191>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 88.75) (MADA-196>LATITUDE 26.25>LONGITUDE 91.25) (MADA-197>LATITUDE 28.75>LONGITUDE 91.25) (MADA-228>LATITUDE 18.75>LONGITUDE 96.25) (MADA-233>LATITUDE 31.25>LONGITUDE 96.25) (MADA-252>LATITUDE 18.75>LONGITUDE 98.75) (MADA-257>LATITUDE 31.25>LONGITUDE 98.75) (MADA-258>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 98.75) (MADA-263>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 98.75) (MADA-269>LATITUDE -1.25>LONGITUDE 101.25) (MADA-275>LATITUDE 16.25>LONGITUDE 101.25) (MADA-287>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 101.25) (MADA-300>LATITUDE 16.25>LONGITUDE 103.75) (MADA-312>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 103.75) (MADA-327>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 106.25) (MADA-328>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 106.25) (MADA-330>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 106.25) (MADA-331>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 106.25) (MADA-346>LATITUDE 21.25>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-397>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 113.75) (MADA-405>LATITUDE 6.25>LONGITUDE 116.25) (MADA-410>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 116.25) (MADA-411>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 116.25) (MADA-413>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 116.25) (MADA-421>LATITUDE -3.75>LONGITUDE 118.75) (MADA-422>LATITUDE -1.25>LONGITUDE 118.75) (MADA-424>LATITUDE 6.25>LONGITUDE 118.75) (MADA-437>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 118.75) (MADA-439>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 118.75) (MADA-440>LATITUDE -3.75>LONGITUDE 121.25) (MADA-445>LATITUDE 13.75>LONGITUDE 121.25) (MADA-455>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 121.25) (MADA-458>LATITUDE 53.75>LONGITUDE 121.25) (MADA-465>LATITUDE 38.75>LONGITUDE 123.75) (MADA-469>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 123.75) (MADA-473>LATITUDE 6.25>LONGITUDE 126.25) (MADA-476>LATITUDE 38.75>LONGITUDE 126.25) (MADA-482>LATITUDE 53.75>LONGITUDE 126.25) (MADA-486>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 128.75) (MADA-497>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 131.25) (MADA-499>LATITUDE 53.75>LONGITUDE 131.25) (MADA-510>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 136.25) (MADA-513>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 136.25) (MADA-514>LATITUDE 53.75>LONGITUDE 136.25) (MADA-515>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 136.25) (MADA-530>LATITUDE 53.75>LONGITUDE 141.25) (MADA-13>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 61.25) (MADA-14>LATITUDE 26.25>LONGITUDE 63.75) (MADA-21>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 63.75) (MADA-27>LATITUDE 23.75>LONGITUDE 66.25) (MADA-41>LATITUDE 21.25>LONGITUDE 68.75) (MADA-51>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 68.75) (MADA-70>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 71.25) (MADA-74>LATITUDE 21.25>LONGITUDE 73.75) (MADA-79>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 73.75) (MADA-82>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 73.75) (MADA-100>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 76.25) (MADA-104>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 76.25) (MADA-118>LATITUDE 28.75>LONGITUDE 78.75) (MADA-123>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 78.75) (MADA-135>LATITUDE 26.25>LONGITUDE 81.25) (MADA-138>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 81.25) (MADA-141>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 81.25) (MADA-143>LATITUDE 46.25>LONGITUDE 81.25) (MADA-144>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 81.25) (MADA-145>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 81.25) (MADA-151>LATITUDE 26.25>LONGITUDE 83.75) (MADA-156>LATITUDE 38.75>LONGITUDE 83.75) (MADA-162>LATITUDE 53.75>LONGITUDE 83.75) (MADA-165>LATITUDE 23.75>LONGITUDE 86.25) (MADA-168>LATITUDE 31.25>LONGITUDE 86.25) (MADA-183>LATITUDE 31.25>LONGITUDE 88.75) (MADA-190>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 88.75) (MADA-195>LATITUDE 23.75>LONGITUDE 91.25) (MADA-232>LATITUDE 28.75>LONGITUDE 96.25) (MADA-255>LATITUDE 26.25>LONGITUDE 98.75) (MADA-261>LATITUDE 41.25>LONGITUDE 98.75) (MADA-265>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 98.75) (MADA-268>LATITUDE -3.75>LONGITUDE 101.25) (MADA-273>LATITUDE 11.25>LONGITUDE 101.25) (MADA-282>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 101.25) (MADA-286>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 101.25) (MADA-293>LATITUDE -3.75>LONGITUDE 103.75) (MADA-305>LATITUDE 28.75>LONGITUDE 103.75) (MADA-325>LATITUDE 28.75>LONGITUDE 106.25) (MADA-334>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 106.25) (MADA-341>LATITUDE 1.25>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-345>LATITUDE 18.75>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-352>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-353>LATITUDE 38.75>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-360>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 108.75) (MADA-364>LATITUDE 1.25>LONGITUDE 111.25) (MADA-368>LATITUDE 28.75>LONGITUDE 111.25) (MADA-396>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 113.75) (MADA-406>LATITUDE 23.75>LONGITUDE 116.25) (MADA-408>LATITUDE 28.75>LONGITUDE 116.25) 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116.25) (MADA-423>LATITUDE 1.25>LONGITUDE 118.75) (MADA-426>LATITUDE 23.75>LONGITUDE 118.75) (MADA-429>LATITUDE 31.25>LONGITUDE 118.75) (MADA-431>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 118.75) (MADA-434>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 118.75) (MADA-438>LATITUDE 53.75>LONGITUDE 118.75) (MADA-450>LATITUDE 31.25>LONGITUDE 121.25) (MADA-457>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 121.25) (MADA-461>LATITUDE 6.25>LONGITUDE 123.75) (MADA-464>LATITUDE 13.75>LONGITUDE 123.75) (MADA-470>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 123.75) (MADA-478>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 126.25) (MADA-480>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 126.25) (MADA-481>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 126.25) (MADA-484>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 128.75) (MADA-501>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 133.75) (MADA-502>LATITUDE 36.25>LONGITUDE 133.75) (MADA-503>LATITUDE 43.75>LONGITUDE 133.75) (MADA-508>LATITUDE 56.25>LONGITUDE 133.75) (MADA-509>LATITUDE 33.75>LONGITUDE 136.25) (MADA-521>LATITUDE 51.25>LONGITUDE 138.75) (MADA-524>LATITUDE 38.75>LONGITUDE 141.25) (MADA-528>LATITUDE 48.75>LONGITUDE 141.25) The Asian monsoon system affects more than half of humanity worldwide, yet the dynamical processes that govern its complex spatiotemporal variability are not sufficiently understood to model and predict its behavior, due in part to inadequate long-term climate observations. Here we present the Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA), a seasonally resolved gridded spatial reconstruction of Asian monsoon drought and pluvials over the past millennium, derived from a network of tree-ring chronologies. MADA provides the spatiotemporal details of known historic monsoon failures and reveals the occurrence, severity, and fingerprint of previously unknown monsoon megadroughts and their close linkages to large-scale patterns of tropical Indo-Pacific sea surface temperatures. MADA thus provides a long-term context for recent monsoon variability that is critically needed for climate modeling, prediction, and attribution. STUDY NOTES: Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA). Palmer Drought Severity Index reconstructions based on a network of Asian Tree ring data. Data files and their contents are as follows: 1) jja-mada.txt - 534 grid point reconstructions of JJA PDSI for the Asian monsoon region. These are the "Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas" (MADA) reconstructions from tree rings that are published in Cook et al. Science 2010. There are 534 grid point reconstructions on a 2.5x2.5° grid. The data are in column-ASCII form, one reconstruction per column and the grid point number is at the top of each column. Column 1 has the years and the total time period covered is AD 1300-2005. Missing values are indicated by -99.999. These reconstructions are actually ensemble averages of 24 separate reconstructions based on four search radii (500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 km) and six correlation weightings. See the Cook et al. 2010 Science paper SOM for details. The tree-ring estimates of JJA PDSI actually end in 1989 and the instrumental data from 1990 to 2005 have been appended to the ends of the reconstructions to bring them up to date. To do this in as seamless a manner as possible, the reconstructions have been scaled to have the same means and standard deviations as the actual data over the 1951-1989 calibration period. 2) jja-mada-xy.txt - 534 longitude-latitude pairs that locate the grid point reconstructions. The lon-lat pairs are ordered to agree with the column number above each reconstruction. 3) JJA_PDSI_Act.txt - 534 actual JJA PDSI series used for calibration and verification. These series are organized columnwise in exactly the same way as the reconstructions and each column number heading matches the number of the reconstruction. The data cover the 1870-2005 period of available data from the Dai-Trenberth-Qian. The original data are available at http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/catalog/climind/pdsi.html. However, the data provided here have been modified to fill in missing values with weighted estimates from immediately adjacent grid points using a 9-point "Queen's Case" adjacency model. This has also resulted in a small degree of local spatial smoothing to the data. So there is not one-to-one agreement between what is provided here and what is directly available from the Dai-Trenberth-Qian website. See the Science paper SOM for details. 4) jja-mada-calver.txt - calibration and verification statistics for each of the 534 JJA PDSI reconstructions, with longitude- latitude coordinates for their locations. Five statistics are reported for each reconstruction: CRSQ (calibration period R2), CVRE (calibration period leave-one-out cross-validation reduction of error - essentially the same as Allen's PRESS), VRSQ (verification period square of the Pearson correlation coefficient), VRE (verification period reduction of error), and VCE (verification period coefficient of efficiency). The calibration period is 1951-1989 and the verification period is 1920-1950. See the Science paper SOM for why these periods were chosen and also why regions of weak verification may be as much due to poor instrumental data quality as due to poor estimation by the tree rings. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Cook, E.R. Investigator : Anchukaitis, K.J. Investigator : Buckley, B.M. Investigator : D'Arrigo, R.D. Investigator : Jacoby, G.C. Investigator : Wright, W. 2010-04-23 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10435 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/asia/cook2010pdsi/ https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/asia/cook2010pdsi/ English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10435 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/asia/cook2010pdsi/ Cook, E.R., K.J. Anchukaitis, B.M. Buckley, R.D. D'Arrigo, G.C. Jacoby, and W.E. Wright. 2010. Asian Monsoon Failure and Megadrought During the Last Millennium. Science, Vol. 328, Issue 5977, pp.486-489, 23 April 2010. DOI: 10.1126/science.1185188 START YEAR: 1300 AD * END YEAR: 2005 AD 61.25 -8.75 143.75 56.25