Nino3.4 SST 460 Year Reconstructions Wilson, R.J.S.; Cook, E.R.; D'Arrigo, R.D.; Riedwyl, N.; Evans, M.N.; Tudhope, A.W.; Allan, R.J. Wilson, R.J.S. Cook, E.R. D'Arrigo, R.D. Riedwyl, N. Evans, M.N. Tudhope, A.W. Allan, R.J. Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction ENSO earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges (sea surface temperature,null,null,standard deviation unit,annual,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,normalized,composite plus regression|principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,center of action proxies; anomalized wrt 1900-1980; composite average of three reconstruction techniques) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges (sea surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,anomalized,composite plus regression,N,center of action proxies; anomalized wrt 1961-1990) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (sea surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,composite plus regression,N,teleconnected proxies; anomalized wrt 1961-1990AD) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (sea surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,teleconnected proxies; anomalized wrt 1961-1990AD; principal components regression) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges (sea surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,anomalized,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,center of action proxies; anomalized wrt 1961-1991; principal components regression) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges (sea surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,anomalized,regression analysis,N,center of action proxies; anomalized wrt 1961-1992; regularized expectation maximization) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (sea surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,teleconnected proxies; anomalized wrt 1961-1990AD; regularized expectation maximization) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (sea surface temperature,multiple proxies,null,standard deviation unit,annual,climate reconstructions,normalized,composite plus regression|principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,teleconnected proxies; anomalized wrt 1900-1980AD; composite average of three reconstruction techniques) earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions (Nino3.4>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE ) In this study we compare three newly developed independent NINO3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions using data from (1) the central Pacific (corals), (2) the TexMex region of the USA (tree rings) and (3) other regions in the Tropics (corals and an ice core) which are teleconnected with central Pacific SSTs in the 20th century. Although these three reconstructions are strongly calibrated and well verified, inter-proxy comparison shows a significant weakening in interproxy coherence in the 19th century. This breakdown in common signal could be related to insufficient data, dating errors in some of the proxy records or a breakdown in El Nino–Southern Oscillation's (ENSO's) influence on other regions. However, spectral analysis indicates that each reconstruction portrays ENSO-like spectral properties. Superposed epoch analysis also shows that each reconstruction shows a generally consistent 'El Nino-like' response to major volcanic events in the following year, while during years T+4 to T+7 'La Nina-like' conditions prevail. These results suggest that each of the series expresses ENSO-like 'behaviour', but this 'behaviour' does not appear to be spatially or temporally consistent. This result may reflect published observations that there appear to be distinct 'types' of ENSO variability depending on location within the tropical Pacific. Future work must address potential dating issues within some proxies (i.e. sampling of multiple coral heads for one location) as well as assessing the time stability of local climate relationships with central Pacific SSTs. More emphasis is needed on sampling new and extending old coral proxy records from the crucial central and eastern tropical STUDY NOTES: Nino3.4 SST reconstructions based on a variety of proxy data, utilizing 3 reconstruction methodologies, for the core ENSO region in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, and for other tropical regions displaying teleconnected ENSO responses. The first region is labeled the 'centre of action' (COA), located in the central and eastern Pacific, where SSTs are positively correlated with NINO3.4 SSTs. The second region is the 'teleconnection' (TEL) region covering all other tropical areas where SSTs are either inversely (e.g. Indonesia to Tonga) or positively (e.g. Indian Ocean) correlated with NINO3.4 SSTs. Independent reconstructions of annual NINO3.4 SSTs were developed for the COA and TEL regions, using three approaches: (1) composite plus regression, (2) principal component regression, and (3) regularised expectation maximisation. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Wilson, R.J.S. Investigator : Cook, E.R. Investigator : D'Arrigo, R.D. Investigator : Riedwyl, N. Investigator : Evans, M.N. Investigator : Tudhope, A.W. Investigator : Allan, R.J. 2011-06-29 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11749 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-wilson2010.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-wilson2010.xls https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-wilson2010.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-wilson2010.xls English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11749 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-wilson2010.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-wilson2010.xls Wilson, R., E. Cook, R. D'Arrigo, N. Riedwyl, M.N. Evans, A. Tudhope, and R. Allan. 2010. Reconstructing ENSO: the influence of method, proxy data, climate forcing and teleconnections. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 25, Issue 1, pp. 62–78, January 2010. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1297, ISSN 0267-8179. START YEAR: 1540 AD * END YEAR: 2007 AD -170 -5 -120 5