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  <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Northern Fennoscandia 300 Year Spring Temperature Reconstruction</dc:title>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Loader, N.J.; Jalkanen, R.; McCarroll, D.; Moberg, A.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Loader, N.J.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Jalkanen, R.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">McCarroll, D.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Moberg, A.</dc:creator>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Air Temperature Reconstruction</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|historical (surface air temperature,null,95% confidence interval lower bound,degree Celsius,Apr-May,climate reconstructions|historical,null,null,N,documentary evidence of ice break up dates from Tornio River)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|historical (surface air temperature,null,95% confidence interval upper bound,degree Celsius,Apr-May,climate reconstructions|historical,null,null,N,documentary evidence of ice break up dates from Tornio River)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|historical (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|historical,null,null,N,null)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|historical (surface air temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,Apr-May,climate reconstructions|historical,null,null,N,documentary evidence of ice break up dates from Tornio River)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows"> (Tornionjoki&gt;LATITUDE 65.84&gt;LONGITUDE 24.81)</dc:subject>
  <dc:description xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">A reconstruction of spring (April-May) temperature for northern 
Fennoscandia developed from the Tornionjoki (Tornio river) long 
cryophenological record of ice break-up dates, back to AD 1693, 
is presented. The record is strongly climatically sensitive 
and explains 67% of the variance in the instrumental data over 
the last 150 years. The record exhibits a stepped decrease in 
the duration of the river&apos;s ice cover by 14 days, equivalent to 
an increase in April-May mean temperature of approximately 2.5°C 
over the last three centuries. The relationship between the date 
of ice break-up, and accumulated daily mean temperatures (&gt;0°C) 
is investigated. Uncertainty in the observation of ice break-up 
is also considered in addition to the potential of this time 
series for regional climate model validation. 
 
          STUDY NOTES: Reconstruction of spring (April-May) mean air temperature 
for northern Fennoscandia based on the Tornionjoki (Tornio river) 
cryophenological record of ice break-up dates (Kajander 1993, 1995). 
</dc:description>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">NCDC-Paleoclimatology</dc:publisher>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce</dc:publisher>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Loader, N.J.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Jalkanen, R.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : McCarroll, D.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Moberg, A.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:date xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">2011-08-23</dc:date>
  <dc:type xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">ONLINE Files</dc:type>
  <dc:format xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">online, ASCII</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11927</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/tornio2011temperature.txt</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/tornio2011temperature.xls</dc:identifier>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/tornio2011temperature.txt</dc:source>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/tornio2011temperature.xls</dc:source>
  <dc:language xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">English</dc:language>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11927</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/tornio2011temperature.txt</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/tornio2011temperature.xls</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Loader, N.J., R. Jalkanen, D. Mccarroll, and A. Moberg. 2011. 
Spring temperature variability in northern Fennoscandia AD 1693-2011. 
Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 26, Issue 6, pp. 566-570, 
August 2011.  DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1528 </dc:relation>
  <dc:coverage xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">START YEAR: 1693 AD  * END YEAR: 2011 AD</dc:coverage>
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   <ows:LowerCorner>24.81  65.84</ows:LowerCorner>
   <ows:UpperCorner>24.81  65.84</ows:UpperCorner>
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