Southern Hemisphere 1000 Year Temperature Reconstructions Neukom, R.; Gergis, J.; Karoly, D.J.; Wanner, H.; Curran, M.A.J.; Elbert, J.; González-Rouco, J.F.; Linsley, B.K.; Moy, A.D.; Mundo, I.A.; Raible, C.C.; Steig, E.J.; van Ommen, T.D.; Vance, T.; Villalba, R.; Zinke, J.; Frank, D.C. Neukom, R. Gergis, J. Karoly, D.J. Wanner, H. Curran, M.A.J. Elbert, J. González-Rouco, J.F. Linsley, B.K. Moy, A.D. Mundo, I.A. Raible, C.C. Steig, E.J. van Ommen, T.D. Vance, T. Villalba, R. Zinke, J. Frank, D.C. Air Temperature Reconstruction earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 13th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 16th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 24th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 27th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 41st percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 50th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 54th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 58th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,null,count,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,null,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,"SH_neg_recon, fraction of ensemble members with extreme temperature; PCR reconstruction ensemble median") earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,CSIRO Mk3L 2; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 4; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,MPI-ESM-P; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,BCC-CSM; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,BCC-CSM; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,HadCM3; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,IPSL; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,ECHO-G Erki1; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,CSIRO Mk3L 2; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM-P; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,CCSM4; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,CSIRO Mk3L CMIP5; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 5th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 8th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 30th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 42nd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 43rd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 47th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 57th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 66th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 67th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 78th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 91st percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 99th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,ECHO-G Erki2; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,CSIRO Mk3L 3; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 5; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,percentile,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,10th percentile model range NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,CSIRO Mk3L 1; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,CSIRO Mk3L 3; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 2; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,CCSM4; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,ECHO-G Erki2; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,CSIRO Mk3L 1; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E2 2; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,May-Apr,paleoclimatic modeling,anomalized|filtered,null,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH; 30 year loess filter) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 35th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,fraction,May-Apr,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,"NH_neg_models, fraction of ensemble members with extreme temperature") earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,anomalized|filtered,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; PCR reconstruction ensemble mean) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,anomalized,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; northern hemisphere; PCR reconstruction ensemble median) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 0th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 1st percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 2nd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 6th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 9th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 11th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 12th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 17th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 18th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 28th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 29th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 33rd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 62nd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 63rd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 68th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 69th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 70th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 71st percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 80th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 85th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 89th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 100th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,ensemble member,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,anomalized,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,null,count,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,null,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,"NH_neg_recon, fraction of ensemble members with extreme temperature; PCR reconstruction ensemble median") earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 2; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,MPI-ESM E2 2; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,CSIRO Mk3L CMIP5; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,ECHO-G Erki1; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,CSIRO Mk3L 2; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM-P; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,CSIRO Mk3L 3; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,IPSL; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,fraction,May-Apr,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,"global_pos_models, fraction of ensemble members with extreme temperature") earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 1; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 19th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 26th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 34th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 36th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 53rd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 55th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 73rd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 81st percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 83rd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 87th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,null,count,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,null,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,"NH_pos_recon, fraction of ensemble members with extreme temperature; PCR reconstruction ensemble median") earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 3; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,MPI-ESM E2 1; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,MPI-ESM E2 3; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,CCSM4; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,FGOALS_gl; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,GISS-E2-R p124; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 4; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E2 1; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,GISS-E2-R p127; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,CCSM; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 3; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 4; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 5; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,fraction,May-Apr,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,"SH_neg_models, fraction of ensemble members with extreme temperature") earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,fraction,May-Apr,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,"global_neg_models, fraction of ensemble members with extreme temperature") earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,two standard error,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,anomalized|filtered,null,N,see manuscript SI section 2.4; Combined calibration and ensemble 2*standard error) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 14th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 22nd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 39th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 45th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 52nd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 74th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 84th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 94th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 95th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,anomalized|filtered,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH ; 30 year loess filtered; PCR reconstruction ensemble median) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,CCSM; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,GISS-E2-R p121; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,GISS-E2-R p127; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,IPSL; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,GISS-E2-R p121; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,HadCM3; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 20th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 21st percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 37th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 40th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 59th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 65th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 72nd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 76th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 77th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 86th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 90th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 98th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,anomalized|filtered,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; SH ; 30 year loess filtered; PCR reconstruction ensemble median) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,null,count,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,null,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,"global_pos_recon, fraction of ensemble members with extreme temperature; PCR reconstruction ensemble median") earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,null,count,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,null,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,"global_neg_recon, fraction of ensemble members with extreme temperature; PCR reconstruction ensemble median") earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,percentile,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,90% percentile model range NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,CCSM; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 3; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 2; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,GISS-E2-R p124; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,GISS-E2-R p127; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,fraction,May-Apr,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,"SH_pos_models, fraction of ensemble members with extreme temperature") earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,anomalized,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; PCR reconstruction ensemble mean) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,anomalized,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; southern hemisphere; PCR reconstruction ensemble median) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 7th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 15th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 23rd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 31st percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 32nd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 38th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 44th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 56th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 60th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 61st percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 64th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 82nd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 97th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,ECHO-G Erki1; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,CSIRO Mk3L 1; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 1; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,FGOALS_gl; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,GISS-E2-R p121; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,GISS-E2-R p124; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E2 1; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,two standard error,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,anomalized,null,N,see manuscript SI section 2.4; Combined calibration and ensemble 2*standard error) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 3rd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 4th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 10th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 25th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 46th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 48th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 49th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 51st percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 75th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 79th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 88th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 92nd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 93rd percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,percentile,degree Celsius,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,differenced,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; NH minus SH difference between ensemble medians; PCR reconstruction ensemble median; 96th percentile) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (temperature,multiple proxies,null,count,May-Apr,climate reconstructions,null,principal component analysis|regression analysis,N,"SH_pos_recon, fraction of ensemble members with extreme temperature; PCR reconstruction ensemble median") earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,differenced,null,N,HadCM3; NH-SH difference) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,ECHO-G Erki2; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 1; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E1 5; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E2 2; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E2 3; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,CSIRO Mk3L CMIP5; Northern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,MPI-ESM E2 3; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,BCC-CSM; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,FGOALS_gl; Southern Hemisphere) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,May-Apr,paleoclimatic modeling,anomalized|filtered,null,N,Reference period 1961-1990 AD; SH; 30 year loess filter) earth science/paleoclimate/paleoclimatic modeling (temperature,null,null,fraction,May-Apr,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,"NH_pos_models, fraction of ensemble members with extreme temperature") earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,May-Apr,instrumental,anomalized,null,N,GISS; Reference period 1961-1990 AD) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,May-Apr,instrumental,anomalized|filtered,null,N,GISS; Reference period 1961-1990 AD; 30 year loess filtered) earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions (Southern Hemisphere>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE ) The Earth's climate system is driven by a complex interplay of internal chaotic dynamics and natural and anthropogenic external forcing. Recent instrumental data have shown a remarkable degree of asynchronicity between Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere temperature fluctuations, thereby questioning the relative importance of internal versus external drivers of past as well as future climate variability. However, large-scale temperature reconstructions for the past millennium have focused on the Northern Hemisphere, limiting empirical assessments of inter-hemispheric variability on multi-decadal to centennial timescales. Here, we introduce a new millennial ensemble reconstruction of annually resolved temperature variations for the Southern Hemisphere based on an unprecedented network of terrestrial and oceanic palaeoclimate proxy records. In conjunction with an independent Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction ensemble, this record reveals an extended cold period (1594-1677) in both hemispheres but no globally coherent warm phase during the pre-industrial (1000-1850) era. The current (post-1974) warm phase is the only period of the past millennium where both hemispheres are likely to have experienced contemporaneous warm extremes. Our analysis of inter-hemispheric temperature variability in an ensemble of climate model simulations for the past millennium suggests that models tend to overemphasize Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere synchronicity by underestimating the role of internal ocean-atmosphere dynamics, particularly in the ocean-dominated Southern Hemisphere. Our results imply that climate system predictability on decadal to century timescales may be lower than expected based on assessments of external climate forcing and Northern Hemisphere temperature variations alone. STUDY NOTES: Time series of instrumental and reconstructed Southern Hemisphere spatial mean temperatures including 2SE uncertainties and 30-year filtered data. Also included are the 3000 individual ensemble members of the reconstruction: SH_TT_Recon_ensemble.csv (years in rows, ensemble members in columns). Also included are time series of proxy data: Proxies_SH_recon_screened.csv: lag adjusted and infilled proxy data as used for the reconstructions, scaled to mean 0 and std.dev. 1 over 1911-1990 Proxies_SH_recon_unscreened.csv: Annual proxy data before screening. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Neukom, R. Investigator : Gergis, J. Investigator : Karoly, D.J. Investigator : Wanner, H. Investigator : Curran, M.A.J. Investigator : Elbert, J. Investigator : González-Rouco, J.F. Investigator : Linsley, B.K. Investigator : Moy, A.D. Investigator : Mundo, I.A. Investigator : Raible, C.C. Investigator : Steig, E.J. Investigator : van Ommen, T.D. Investigator : Vance, T. Investigator : Villalba, R. Investigator : Zinke, J. Investigator : Frank, D.C. 2014-03-30 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16196 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/Proxies_SH_recon_unscreened.csv https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH_models_raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH-SH_Fig4_models.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/Extreme_fractions_Fig3.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/SH_TT_Recon_ensemble.csv https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/SH_models_raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH-SH_median_Fig4_recons.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/SH_Fig2_recons_Ens-means_wrt1000-2000.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH-SH_percentiles_Fig4_recons.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/SH_Fig2_Ens-means_30a-loess_wrt1000-2000.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/Proxies_SH_recon_screened.csv https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/neukom2014recon.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH-SH_Fig4_model_perc10_90.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/Proxies_SH_recon_unscreened.csv https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH_models_raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH-SH_Fig4_models.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/Extreme_fractions_Fig3.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/SH_TT_Recon_ensemble.csv https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/SH_models_raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH-SH_median_Fig4_recons.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/SH_Fig2_recons_Ens-means_wrt1000-2000.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH-SH_percentiles_Fig4_recons.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/SH_Fig2_Ens-means_30a-loess_wrt1000-2000.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/Proxies_SH_recon_screened.csv https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/neukom2014recon.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH-SH_Fig4_model_perc10_90.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16196 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/Proxies_SH_recon_unscreened.csv https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH_models_raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH-SH_Fig4_models.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/Extreme_fractions_Fig3.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/SH_TT_Recon_ensemble.csv https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/SH_models_raw.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH-SH_median_Fig4_recons.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/SH_Fig2_recons_Ens-means_wrt1000-2000.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH-SH_percentiles_Fig4_recons.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/SH_Fig2_Ens-means_30a-loess_wrt1000-2000.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/Proxies_SH_recon_screened.csv https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/neukom2014recon.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2014/NH-SH_Fig4_model_perc10_90.txt Raphael Neukom, Joëlle Gergis, David J. Karoly, Heinz Wanner, Mark Curran, Julie Elbert, Fidel González-Rouco, Braddock K. Linsley, Andrew D. Moy, Ignacio Mundo, Christoph C. Raible, Eric J. Steig, Tas van Ommen, Tessa Vance, Ricardo Villalba, Jens Zinke, and David Frank2014Inter-hemispheric temperature variability over the past millenniumNature Climate Change10.1038/nclimate2174http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate2174.html START YEAR: 1000 AD * END YEAR: 2000 AD -180 -90 180 0