Northern European 2000 Year Summer Temperature Reconstruction Esper, J.; Düthorn, E.; Krusic, P.J.; Timonen, M.; Büntgen, U. Esper, J. Düthorn, E. Krusic, P.J. Timonen, M. Büntgen, U. Air Temperature Reconstruction temperature PISY Pinus sylvestris L. Scots pine Scotch pine earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (surface temperature,ring density,null,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|tree ring,anomalized,null,N,based on latewood density) earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions (Northern Europe>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE ) Tree-ring chronologies of maximum latewood density are most suitable to reconstruct annually resolved summer temperature variations of the late Holocene. The two longest such chronologies have been developed in northern Europe stretching back to the 2nd century BC, and the 5th century AD. We show where similarities between the two chronologies exist, and combine portions of both into a new summer temperature reconstruction for the Common Era. To minimize the transfer of potential biases, we assess the contribution of the candidate reconstructions' measurements, and exclude data (i) from exceptionally young and old trees, and (ii) produced by different laboratory technologies. Our new composite reconstruction reveals warmer conditions during Roman, Medieval and recent times, separated by prolonged cooling during the Migration period and Little Ice Age. Twentieth century warmth, as indicated in one of the existing density records, is reduced in the new reconstruction, also affecting the overall, millennial-scale, cooling trend over the late Holocene (-0.30C per 1000 years). Due to the reduced biological memory, typical for tree-ring density measurements, the new reconstruction is most suitable for evaluating the rate and speed of abrupt summer cooling following large volcanic eruptions. STUDY NOTES: Summer temperature reconstruction based on integrated tree-ring maximum density (MXD) data sets of Nscan (Esper et al. 2012) and Torneträsk (Schweingruber et al. 1988) NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Esper, J. Investigator : Düthorn, E. Investigator : Krusic, P.J. Investigator : Timonen, M. Investigator : Büntgen, U. 2014-07-23 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16975 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/europe/northerneurope2014temperature.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/europe/northerneurope2014temperature.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16975 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/europe/northerneurope2014temperature.txt Jan Esper, Elisabeth Düthorn, Paul J. Krusic, Mauri Timonen, and Ulf Büntgen2014Northern European summer temperature variations over the Common Era from integrated tree-ring density recordsJournal of Quaternary Science295487-49410.1002/jqs.2726http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2726/abstract START YEAR: -17 AD * END YEAR: 2006 AD 5 50 30 70