European Holocene Pollen-based Gridded Climate Reconstruction Mauri, A.; Davis, B.A.S.; Collins, P.M.; Kaplan, J.O. Mauri, A. Davis, B.A.S. Collins, P.M. Kaplan, J.O. Air Temperature Reconstruction Precipitation Reconstruction earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (precipitation,null,null,millimeter per day,annual,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (precipitation,null,null,millimeter per day,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (age,null,null,kilometer,null,climate reconstructions|pollen,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (precipitation,null,null,millimeter per day,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (growing degree days,null,null,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,growing degree days above 5 degrees C) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (longitude,null,null,degree east,null,climate reconstructions|pollen,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (temperature,null,one standard error,degree Celsius,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (precipitation,null,one standard error,millimeter per day,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (precipitation,null,one standard error,millimeter per day,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,climate reconstructions|pollen,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (temperature,null,one standard error,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (latitude,null,null,degree north,null,climate reconstructions|pollen,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (actual/potential evapotranspiration,null,null,millimeter per day,annual,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|pollen (precipitation minus evaporation,null,null,millimeter per day,annual,climate reconstructions|pollen,anomalized,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions (Europe EPOCH-2>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE ) We present a new gridded climate reconstruction for Europe for the last 12,000 years based on pollen data. The reconstruction is an update of Davis et al. (2003) using the same methodology, but with a greatly expanded fossil and surface-sample dataset and more rigorous quality-control. The modern pollen dataset has been increased by more than 80%, and the fossil pollen dataset by more than 50%, representing almost 60,000 individual pollen samples. The climate parameters reconstructed include summer/winter and annual temperatures and precipitation, as well as a measure of moisture balance, and growing degree-days above 5 °C. Confidence limits were established for the reconstruction based on transfer function and interpolation uncertainties. The reconstruction takes account of post-glacial isostatic readjustment which resulted in a potential warming bias of up to +1-2°C for parts of Fennoscandia in the early Holocene, as well as changes in palaeogeography resulting from decaying ice sheets and rising post-glacial sea-levels. This new dataset has been evaluated against previously published independent quantitative climate reconstructions from a variety of archives on a site-by-site basis across Europe. The results of this comparison are generally very good; only chironomid-based reconstructions showed substantial differences with our values. Our reconstruction is available for download as gridded maps throughout the Holocene on a 1000-year time-step. The gridded format makes our reconstructions suitable for comparison with climate model output and for other applications such as vegetation and land-use modelling. Our new climate reconstruction suggests that warming in Europe during the mid-Holocene was greater in winter than in summer, an apparent paradox that is not consistent with current climate model simulations and traditional interpretations of Milankovitch theory. STUDY NOTES: EPOCH-2 (European POllen Climate Holocene, Version 2) data set. Gridded pollen-based climate anomalies reconstruction for Europe. Parameters include Growing degree-days above 5C (GDD5), Annual temperature (TANN), Annual precipitation (PANN), Summer temperature (TJJA), Summer precipitation (PJJA), Winter temperature (TDJF), Winter precipitation (PDJF), Ratio actual/potential evapotranspiration (alpha), and Precipitation-Evaporation (P-E). Reconstructions are presented at a 1 degree spatial resolution and 1000 year time-step from preindustrial time. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Mauri, A. Investigator : Davis, B.A.S. Investigator : Collins, P.M. Investigator : Kaplan, J.O. 2015-03-31 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18317 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2_uncertainties.nc https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/EPOCH-2_Mauri_etal_QSR.tar.gz https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2.nc https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/tiff_anomalies/ https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2-readme.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2_uncertainties.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2_uncertainties.nc https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/EPOCH-2_Mauri_etal_QSR.tar.gz https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2.nc https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/tiff_anomalies/ https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2-readme.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2_uncertainties.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18317 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2_uncertainties.nc https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/EPOCH-2_Mauri_etal_QSR.tar.gz https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2.nc https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/tiff_anomalies/ https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2-readme.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/epoch2/epoch-2_uncertainties.txt A. Mauri, B.A.S. Davis, P.M. Collins, J.O. Kaplan2015The climate of Europe during the Holocene: a gridded pollen-based reconstruction and its multi-proxy evaluationQuaternary Science Reviews112109-12710.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.013http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379115000372 START YEAR: 12000 cal yr BP * END YEAR: 100 cal yr BP -11.5 28.5 28.5 71.5