North America-North Pacific 500 hPa Geopotential Height Reconstruction Wise, E.K.; Dannenberg, M.P. Wise, E.K. Dannenberg, M.P. Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (p-value,null,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,p-values associated with correlation coefficients) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,normalized,null,N,Reconstructed cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500hPa GPH anomalies (unitless z-scores; assigned to the ending year of the season)) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,unspecified margin of error,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,"Error as calculated by RegEm-ridge program (see T. Schneider, 2001: Analysis of incomplete climate data: Estimation of mean values and covariance matrices and imputation of missing values. Journal of Climate, 14, 853-871)") earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,meter,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,normalized,null,N,FDR version of reconstructed cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500 hPa GPH converted back to meters) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,standard deviation ratio (entire period to calibration period)) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,unspecified margin of error,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,"Error as calculated by RegEm-ridge program (see T. Schneider, 2001: Analysis of incomplete climate data: Estimation of mean values and covariance matrices and imputation of missing values. Journal of Climate, 14, 853-871)") earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,verification root mean square error,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,bias,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,mean bias for FDR version of the reconstruction) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,meter,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,normalized,null,N,Reconstructed cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500 hPa GPH converted back to meters) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,verification coefficient of efficiency,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,bias,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,"GPH estimates produced by the leave-decade-out calibration/validation, 1872-1971") earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,standard deviation ratio (SDR)) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,normalized,null,N,"Reconstructed cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500hPa GPH anomalies (unitless z-scores; assigned to the ending year of the season) using False Discovery Rate (FDR; see D. S. Wilks, 2006: On ""field significance"" and the false discovery rate. J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. 45, 1181–1189) for pre-screening and with variance scaled to the calibration period") earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,verification root mean square error,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,root mean squared error (RMSE) for FDR version of the reconstruction) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,correlation coefficient,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,Validation_R: Pearson correlation coefficient (R) between the predicted and observed data) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,correlation coefficient,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,Pearson correlation coefficient (R) between the predicted and observed data for FDR version of the reconstruction) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,meter,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,normalized,null,N,Reconstructed cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500hPa GPH anomalies (unitless z-scores; assigned to the ending year of the season) with variance scaled to the calibration period) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (longitude,null,null,degree east,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,longitude vector for the gridded GPH data) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (geopotential height,null,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,instrumental,normalized,null,N,Cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500hPa GPH anomalies (unitless z-scores standardized to the 1872-1971 calibration period; assigned to the ending year of the season) calculated from instrumental data (monthly mean 500 hPa GPH values) supplied by NCEP/NCAR Twentieth Century Reanalysis project V2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.20thC_ReanV2.html)) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,standard deviation ratio (SDR) for verification period) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,standard deviation ratio (SDR) for FDR version of the reconstruction) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,meter,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,normalized,null,N,Variance-scaled reconstructed cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500 hPa GPH converted back to meters) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,normalized,null,N,at 500 hPa; assigned to the ending year of the season) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (latitude,null,null,degree north,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (longitude,null,null,degree east,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,correlation coefficient,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,Pearson correlation coefficient (R) between the predicted and observed data) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (geopotential height,null,null,meter,Oct-Mar,instrumental,null,null,N,at 500 hPa) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,standard deviation ratio (entire period to calibration period) for the Wise and Dannenberg (2014) version of the reconstruction in which variance was not scaled to the calibration per) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,verification coefficient of efficiency,dimensionless,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,coefficient of efficiency (CE) for FDR version of the reconstruction) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (geopotential height,ring width,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,"GPH estimates produced by the leave-decade-out calibration/validation, 1872-1971 for FDR version of the reconstruction") earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (latitude,null,null,degree north,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,latitude vector for the gridded GPH data for FDR version of the reconstruction) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (geopotential height,null,null,standard deviation unit,Oct-Mar,instrumental,normalized,null,N,at 500 hPa; InstGPHanoms: Cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500hPa GPH anomalies (unitless z-scores standardized to the 1872-1971 calibration period; assigned to the ending year of the season) calculated from instrumental data (monthly mean 500 hPa GPH values) supplied by NCEP/NCAR Twentieth Century Reanalysis project V2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.20thC_ReanV2.html)) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (geopotential height,null,null,meter,Oct-Mar,instrumental,null,null,N,Instrumental cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500 hPa GPH converted back to meters) earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions (North America-North Pacific>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE ) Changes in moisture delivery to western North America are largely controlled by interrelated, synoptic-scale atmospheric pressure patterns. Long-term records of upper-atmosphere pressure and related circulation patterns are needed to assess potential drivers of past severe droughts and evaluate how future climate changes may impact hydroclimatic systems. Here we develop a tree-ring-based climate field reconstruction of cool-season 500 hPa geopotential height on a 2 x 2 degree grid over North America and the North Pacific to AD 1500 and examine the frequency and persistence of preinstrumental atmospheric pressure patterns using Self-Organizing Maps. Our results show extended time periods dominated by a set of persistent upper-air pressure patterns, providing insight into the atmospheric conditions leading to periods of sustained drought and pluvial periods in the preinstrumental past. A striking shift from meridional to zonal flow occurred at the end of the Little Ice Age and was sustained for several decades. STUDY NOTES: Tree-ring-based reconstruction of cool-season (Oct-Mar) 500hPa Geopotential Height Anomalies since 1500AD for the North Pacific and North America on a 2 x 2 degree grid (unitless z-scores). NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Wise, E.K. Investigator : Dannenberg, M.P. 2015-08-12 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19103 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/readme-wise2014gph.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/wise2014gph-ext.nc https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/wise2014gph.nc https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/readme-wise2014gph.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/wise2014gph-ext.nc https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/wise2014gph.nc English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19103 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/readme-wise2014gph.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/wise2014gph-ext.nc https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/wise2014gph.nc Erika K. Wise and Matthew P. Dannenberg2014Persistence of pressure patterns over North America and the North Pacific since AD 1500Nature Communications5491210.1038/ncomms5912http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140911/ncomms5912/full/ncomms5912.html START YEAR: 1500 AD * END YEAR: 2010 AD 160 14 -70 70