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  <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Lake Żabińskie, Poland 115 Year August Chironomid-Inferred Temperature</dc:title>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Larocque-Tobler, I.; Filipiak, J.; Tylmann, W.; Bonk, A.; Grosjean, M.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Larocque-Tobler, I.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Filipiak, J.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Tylmann, W.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Bonk, A.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Grosjean, M.</dc:creator>
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  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Polypedilum nubeculosum)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Polypedilum sordens)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Sergentia coracina)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Tanytarsus pallidicornis)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,count,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Corynocera oliveri)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,count,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Tanytarsus lactesens)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,count,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Tanytarsus lugens type)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,count,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Allopsectrocladius sp.)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,count,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Parakiefferiella bathophila)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,count,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Pseudosmittia sp.)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Glyptotendipes severini)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Corynocera ambigua)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Brillia sp.)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Psectrocladius sordidellus)</dc:subject>
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  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Ablabesmyia sp.)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,count,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Glyptotendipes pallens)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,count,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Cladotanytarsus mancus)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,count,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Micropsectra insignilobus)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,count,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Tanytarsus mendax)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,count,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Psectrocladius sordidellus)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Chironomus anthracinus)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Cladopelma lateralis)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Dicrotendipes nervosus)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Tanytarsus sp.)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Corynoneura sp.)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Heterotrissocladius marcidus)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Nanocladius branchio)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Pentaneurini)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows"> (Lake Żabińskie&gt;LATITUDE 54.1318&gt;LONGITUDE 21.9836)</dc:subject>
  <dc:description xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Chironomids preserved in varved Lake Zabinskie (54 07&apos;54.5&quot;N; 21 59&apos;01.1&quot;E; 120 m a.s.l), northeastern Poland, were used to reconstruct mean-August air temperature since 1896 AD at annual (1949-2011 AD) and at 3-4 year resolutions (1896-1948 AD). This is one of very few studies using chironomids at such high temporal resolution, for a total of 130 sediment samples analyzed. To infer temperature a combined (Northeastern Canada and Poland) transfer function was developed. This transfer function had 112 lakes (50 from Poland, 72 from Canada) and 95 taxa. The mean-August-air temperature gradient was 23.5C. The coefficient of determination (r2jack) was 0.88, the root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 1.30C and the maximum bias was 2.08C. 

The average mean August air temperature measured during the 1961-1990 AD reference period was 16.3C and the chironomid-inferred average temperature for the same period was 16.6C. For the 1981-2010 AD reference period, the temperatures were 1C warmer (i.e. measured = 17.3C; inferred = 17.6C). The differences of only 0.3C between the measured and the inferred temperatures during the reference periods were a first indication that the merged transfer function could provide accurate estimates of mean August air temperature.

Chironomid-inferred mean August air temperatures since 1896 AD had strong relationships with instrumental data at near-annual resolution (rPearson = 0.74, pcorr &lt; 0.01). The relationship increased on decadal scale (rPearson = 0.91, pcorr &lt; 0.01) when the errors in varve chronology (-5 to 2 years) were considered.

Although the RMSEP of the transfer function was higher than most changes recorded, the average difference between the instrumental and the inferred mean August air temperatures was 0.75C. The results of this study suggest that not only do chironomids reconstruct the right pattern in temperature changes (83% of the inferences recorded the same temperature increase or decrease than the instrumental data) they can also infer changes with the right amplitude (61% of the inferences had differences with the instrumental data below 0.7C). This study is one more example of the possible accuracy of chironomids to reconstruct climate, at least for the past 100 years and at this site. 
          STUDY NOTES: Chironomid data and August temperature reconstruction from Lake Żabińskie, Poland for the past 115 years. </dc:description>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">NCDC-Paleoclimatology</dc:publisher>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce</dc:publisher>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Larocque-Tobler, I.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Filipiak, J.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Tylmann, W.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Bonk, A.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Grosjean, M.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:date xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">2015-11-26</dc:date>
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  <dc:language xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">English</dc:language>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19501</dc:relation>
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  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Isabelle Larocque-Tobler, Janusz Filipiak, Wojciech Tylmann, Alicja Bonk, Martin Grosjean 2015Comparison between chironomid-inferred mean-August temperature from varved Lake Żabińskie (Poland) and instrumental data since 1896 ADQuaternary Science Reviews11135-5010.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.001http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379115000086</dc:relation>
  <dc:coverage xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">START YEAR: 1896 AD  * END YEAR: 2010 AD</dc:coverage>
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   <ows:LowerCorner>21.9836  54.1318</ows:LowerCorner>
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