Fennoscandia 1200 Year Tree Growth Data and Summer Temperature Reconstruction McCarroll, D.; Loader, N.J.; Jalkanen, R.; Gagen, M.; Grudd, H.; Gunnarson, B.E.; Kirchhefer, A.J.; Friedrich, M.; Linderholm, H.W.; Lindholm, M.; Boettger, T.; Los, S.O.; Remmele, S.; Kononov, Y.M.; Yamazaki, Y.H.; Young, G.H.F.; Zorita, E. McCarroll, D. Loader, N.J. Jalkanen, R. Gagen, M. Grudd, H. Gunnarson, B.E. Kirchhefer, A.J. Friedrich, M. Linderholm, H.W. Lindholm, M. Boettger, T. Los, S.O. Remmele, S. Kononov, Y.M. Yamazaki, Y.H. Young, G.H.F. Zorita, E. Air Temperature Reconstruction PISY Pinus sylvestris L. Scots pine Scotch pine earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/tree ring (tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,composited|normalized,null,N,McCarroll 2013 PISY northern pine tree growth composite; mean values z-scored to have a mean of zero and standard deviation of one over the common period) earth science/paleoclimate/tree ring (tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,composited,null,N,Forfjorddalen PISY tree ring density) earth science/paleoclimate/tree ring (tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,composited,null,N,Torneträsk PISY tree ring width) earth science/paleoclimate/tree ring (tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,averaged|composited,null,N,McCarroll 2013 PISY northern pine tree growth composite) earth science/paleoclimate/instrumental (surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,instrumental,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,regression analysis,N,simple linear regression) earth science/paleoclimate/tree ring (tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,composited,null,N,Forfjorddalen PISY tree ring width) earth science/paleoclimate/tree ring (tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,composited,null,N,Laanila PISY annual height increment) earth science/paleoclimate/tree ring (tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,composited,null,N,Khibiny PISY tree ring width) earth science/paleoclimate/tree ring (tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,composited,null,N,Torneträsk PISY tree ring density) earth science/paleoclimate/tree ring (tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,composited,null,N,Laanila PISY tree ring density) earth science/paleoclimate/tree ring (tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,composited,null,N,Laanila PISY tree ring width) earth science/paleoclimate/tree ring (tree ring standardized growth index,null,null,null,null,tree ring,composited,null,N,Khibiny PISY tree ring blue intensity (a surrogate for density)) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions|tree ring (surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,Variance scaled) earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions (Fennoscandia>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE ) Combining nine tree growth proxies from four sites, from the west coast of Norway to the Kola Peninsula of NW Russia, provides a well replicated (> 100 annual measurements per year) mean index of tree growth over the last 1200 years that represents the growth of much of the northern pine timberline forests of northern Fennoscandia. The simple mean of the nine series, z-scored over their common period, correlates strongly with mean June to August temperature averaged over this region (r = 0.81), allowing reconstructions of summer temperature based on regression and variance scaling. The reconstructions correlate significantly with gridded summer temperatures across the whole of Fennoscandia, extending north across Svalbard and south into Denmark. Uncertainty in the reconstructions is estimated by combining the uncertainty in mean tree growth with the uncertainty in the regression models. Over the last seven centuries the uncertainty is < 4.5% higher than in the 20th century, and reaches a maximum of 12% above recent levels during the 10th century. The results suggest that the 20th century was the warmest of the last 1200 years, but that it was not significantly different from the 11th century. The coldest century was the 17th. The impact of volcanic eruptions is clear, and a delayed recovery from pairs or multiple eruptions suggests the presence of some positive feedback mechanism. There is no clear and consistent link between northern Fennoscandian summer temperatures and solar forcing. STUDY NOTES: Tree growth indices (ring width, density, tree height) from 4 sites in northern Fennoscandia, plus summer (June-August) temperature reconstruction for the past 1,200 years. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : McCarroll, D. Investigator : Loader, N.J. Investigator : Jalkanen, R. Investigator : Gagen, M. Investigator : Grudd, H. Investigator : Gunnarson, B.E. Investigator : Kirchhefer, A.J. Investigator : Friedrich, M. Investigator : Linderholm, H.W. Investigator : Lindholm, M. Investigator : Boettger, T. Investigator : Los, S.O. Investigator : Remmele, S. Investigator : Kononov, Y.M. Investigator : Yamazaki, Y.H. Investigator : Young, G.H.F. Investigator : Zorita, E. 2016-03-30 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19943 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/europe/fennoscandia2013temp.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/europe/fennoscandia2013temp.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19943 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/europe/fennoscandia2013temp.txt Danny McCarroll, Neil J. Loader, Risto Jalkanen, Mary H. Gagen, Håkan Grudd, Björn E. Gunnarson, Andreas J. Kirchhefer, Michael Friedrich, Hans W. Linderholm, Markus Lindholm, Tatjana Boettger, Sietse O. Los, Sabine Remmele, Yuri M. Kononov, Yasuhiro H. Yamazaki, Giles H.F. Young, and Eduardo Zorita2013A 1200-year multiproxy record of tree growth and summer temperature at the northern pine forest limit of EuropeThe Holocene234471-48410.1177/0959683612467483http://hol.sagepub.com/content/23/4.toc START YEAR: 800 AD * END YEAR: 2005 AD 14.05 66.42 35.32 70.83