Northern Hemisphere 1,500 Year Summer Temperature Reconstructions Guillet, S.; Corona, C.; Stoffel, M.; Khodri, M.; Lavigne, F.; Ortega, P.; Eckert, N.; Dkengne Sielenou, P.; Daux, V.; Churakova (Sidorova), O.V.; Davi, N.K.; Edouard, J.-L.; Zhang, Y.; Luckman, B.H.; Myglan, V.S.; Guiot, J.; Beniston, M.; Masson-Delmotte, V.; Oppenheimer, C. Guillet, S. Corona, C. Stoffel, M. Khodri, M. Lavigne, F. Ortega, P. Eckert, N. Dkengne Sielenou, P. Daux, V. Churakova (Sidorova), O.V. Davi, N.K. Edouard, J.-L. Zhang, Y. Luckman, B.H. Myglan, V.S. Guiot, J. Beniston, M. Masson-Delmotte, V. Oppenheimer, C. Air Temperature Reconstruction earth science/paleoclimate/historical (grape harvest date,null,null,day of year,null,historical,null,null,N,IDF) earth science/paleoclimate/historical (grape harvest date,null,null,day of year,null,historical,null,null,N,Burgundy) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (surface air temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions,anomalized|filtered,null,N,w.r.t 1960-1990; 30-year low pass filter) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (longitude,null,null,degree east,null,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (surface air temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions,anomalized,null,N,w.r.t 1960-1990) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (surface air temperature,multiple proxies,null,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions,anomalized|filtered,null,N,w.r.t. 30-yr climatology) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (latitude,null,null,degree north,null,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (surface air temperature,multiple proxies,unspecified error lower bound,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions,anomalized|filtered,null,N,w.r.t. 30-yr climatology) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (surface air temperature,multiple proxies,unspecified error upper bound,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions,anomalized|filtered,null,N,w.r.t. 30-yr climatology) earth science/paleoclimate/historical (grape harvest date,null,null,day of year,null,historical,null,null,N,Burgundy estimated) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (surface air temperature,multiple proxies,unspecified error upper bound,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions,anomalized,null,N,w.r.t 1960-1990) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions,null,null,N,null) earth science/paleoclimate/climate reconstructions (surface air temperature,multiple proxies,unspecified error lower bound,degree Celsius,Jun-Aug,climate reconstructions,anomalized,null,N,w.r.t 1960-1990) earth science/paleoclimate/historical (grape harvest date,null,null,day of year,null,historical,null,null,N,Alsace) earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions (Northern Hemisphere>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE ) The eruption of Samalas in Indonesia in 1257 ranks among the largest sulfur-rich eruptions of the Common Era with sulfur deposition in ice cores reaching twice the volume of the Tambora eruption in 1815. Sedimentological analyses of deposits confirm the exceptional size of the event, which had both an eruption magnitude and a volcanic explosivity index of 7. During the Samalas eruption, more than 40 km3 of dense magma was expelled and the eruption column is estimated to have reached altitudes of 43 km. However, the climatic response to the Samalas event is debated since climate model simulations generally predict a stronger and more prolonged surface air cooling of Northern Hemisphere summers than inferred from tree-ring-based temperature reconstructions. Here, we draw on historical archives, ice-core data and tree-ring records to reconstruct the spatial and temporal climate response to the Samalas eruption. We find that 1258 and 1259 experienced some of the coldest Northern Hemisphere summers of the past millennium. However, cooling across the Northern Hemisphere was spatially heterogeneous. Western Europe, Siberia and Japan experienced strong cooling, coinciding with warmer-than-average conditions over Alaska and northern Canada. We suggest that in North America, volcanic radiative forcing was modulated by a positive phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Contemporary records attest to severe famines in England and Japan, but these began prior to the eruption. We conclude that the Samalas eruption aggravated existing crises, but did not trigger the famines. STUDY NOTES: Multiproxy summer (June-August) spatial temperature reconstructions over the Northern Hemisphere for the past 1,500 years NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Guillet, S. Investigator : Corona, C. Investigator : Stoffel, M. Investigator : Khodri, M. Investigator : Lavigne, F. Investigator : Ortega, P. Investigator : Eckert, N. Investigator : Dkengne Sielenou, P. Investigator : Daux, V. Investigator : Churakova (Sidorova), O.V. Investigator : Davi, N.K. Investigator : Edouard, J.-L. Investigator : Zhang, Y. Investigator : Luckman, B.H. Investigator : Myglan, V.S. Investigator : Guiot, J. Investigator : Beniston, M. Investigator : Masson-Delmotte, V. Investigator : Oppenheimer, C. 2017-02-27 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21090 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/guillet2017/readme-guillet2017nhtemp.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/guillet2017/ https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/guillet2017/readme-guillet2017nhtemp.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/guillet2017/ English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21090 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/guillet2017/readme-guillet2017nhtemp.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/guillet2017/ Sébastien Guillet, Christophe Corona, Markus Stoffel, Myriam Khodri, Franck Lavigne, Pablo Ortega, Nicolas Eckert, Pascal Dkengne Sielenou, Valérie Daux, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Nicole Davi, Jean-Louis Edouard, Yong Zhang, Brian H. Luckman, Vladimir S. Myglan, Joël Guiot, Martin Beniston, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Clive Oppenheimer2017Climate response to the Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257 revealed by proxy recordsNature Geoscience102123-12810.1038/NGEO2875 START YEAR: 500 AD * END YEAR: 2000 AD -180 0 180 90