Nino Cold Tongue and Nino Warm Pool Index 400 Year Reconstructions Freund, M.B.; Henley, B.J.; Karoly, D.J.; McGregor, H.V.; Abram, N.J.; Dommenget, D. Freund, M.B. Henley, B.J. Karoly, D.J. McGregor, H.V. Abram, N.J. Dommenget, D. Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions (Nino3.4>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE ) El Nino events differ substantially in their spatial pattern and intensity. Canonical Eastern Pacific El Nino events have sea surface temperature anomalies that are strongest in the far eastern equatorial Pacific, whereas peak ocean warming occurs further west during Central Pacific El Nino events. The event types differ in their impacts on the location and intensity of temperature and precipitation anomalies globally. Evidence is emerging that Central Pacific El Nino events have become more common, a trend that is projected by some studies to continue with ongoing climate change. Here we identify spatial and temporal patterns in observed sea surface temperatures that distinguish the evolution of Eastern and Central Pacific El Nino events in the tropical Pacific. We show that these patterns are recorded by a network of 27 seasonally resolved coral records, which we then use to reconstruct Central and Eastern Pacific El Nino activity for the past four centuries. We find a simultaneous increase in Central Pacific events and a decrease in Eastern Pacific events since the late twentieth century that leads to a ratio of Central to Eastern Pacific events that is unusual in a multicentury context. Compared to the past four centuries, the most recent 30 year period includes fewer, but more intense, Eastern Pacific El Nino events. STUDY NOTES: Seasonal reconstructions of the Nino Cold Tongue (NCT) index and the Nino Warm Pool index (NWP) using a network of tropical coral records, based on Ren and Jin 2011. NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Freund, M.B. Investigator : Henley, B.J. Investigator : Karoly, D.J. Investigator : McGregor, H.V. Investigator : Abram, N.J. Investigator : Dommenget, D. 2019-05-06 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26270 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/freund2019/freund2019enso.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/freund2019/freund2019enso.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26270 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/freund2019/freund2019enso.txt Mandy B. Freund, Benjamin J. Henley, David J. Karoly, Helen V. McGregor, Nerilie J. Abram, Dietmar Dommenget2019Higher frequency of Central Pacific El Nino events in recent decades relative to past centuriesNature Geoscience10.1038/s41561-019-0353-3https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-019-0353-3 START YEAR: 1617 AD * END YEAR: 2008 AD -170 -5 -120 5