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  <dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Yukon 17KYr Midge-Inferred July Temperature</dc:title>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Kurek, J.; Cwynar, L.C.; Vermaire, J.C.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Kurek, J.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Cwynar, L.C.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Vermaire, J.C.</dc:creator>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Air Temperature Reconstruction</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">PAGES 2k Network</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">PAGES Arctic 2k</dc:subject>
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  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Corynocera ambigua)</dc:subject>
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  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Parakiefferiella sp. B)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Psecind)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Psectrocladius sp. E)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Synoind)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Sergentia sp.)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Tanytarsina)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Micropsectra sp.)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/insect|paleolimnology (identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,raw,null,N,Orthocladius sp. 2)</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">earth science/paleoclimate/reconstructions</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows"> (Hanging Lake (HANGING)&gt;LATITUDE 68.355787&gt;LONGITUDE -138.359613)</dc:subject>
  <dc:description xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">The late Quaternary paleoclimate of eastern Beringia has primarily 
been studied by drawing qualitative inferences from vegetation shifts. 
To quantitatively reconstruct summer temperatures, we analyzed lake
sediments for fossil chironomids, and additionally we analyzed the 
sediments for fossil pollen and organic carbon content. A comparison 
with the d18O record from Greenland indicates that the general 
climatic development of the region throughout the last glaciation–
Holocene transition differed from that of the North Atlantic region. 
Between ~17 and 15 ka, mean July air temperature was on average 5°C 
colder than modern, albeit a period of near-modern temperature at 
~16.5 ka. Total pollen accumulation rates ranged between ~180 and 
1200 grains cm-2 yr-1. At ~15 ka, approximately coeval with the 
Bølling interstadial, temperatures again reached modern values. 
At ~14 ka, nearly 1000 yr after warming began, Betula pollen 
percentages increased substantially and mark the transition to 
shrub-dominated pollen contributors. Chironomid-based inferences 
suggest no evidence of the Younger Dryas stade and only subtle 
evidence of an early Holocene thermal maximum, as temperatures 
from ~15 ka to the late Holocene were relatively stable.
The most recognizable climatic oscillation of the Holocene 
occurred from ~4.5 to 2 ka.
</dc:description>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">NCDC-Paleoclimatology</dc:publisher>
  <dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce</dc:publisher>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Kurek, J.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Cwynar, L.C.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:contributor xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Investigator : Vermaire, J.C.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:date xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">2009-01-01</dc:date>
  <dc:type xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">ONLINE Files</dc:type>
  <dc:format xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">online, ASCII</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8705</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/insecta/chironomidae/northamerica/canada/yt/hanging2009.txt</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/insecta/chironomidae/northamerica/canada/yt/hanging2009.xls</dc:identifier>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/insecta/chironomidae/northamerica/canada/yt/hanging2009.txt</dc:source>
  <dc:source xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/insecta/chironomidae/northamerica/canada/yt/hanging2009.xls</dc:source>
  <dc:language xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">English</dc:language>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8705</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/insecta/chironomidae/northamerica/canada/yt/hanging2009.txt</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/insecta/chironomidae/northamerica/canada/yt/hanging2009.xls</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">Kurek, J., L.C. Cwynar, and J.C. Vermaire. 2009. 
A late Quaternary paleotemperature record from Hanging Lake, 
northern Yukon Territory, eastern Beringia. 
Quaternary Research, Vol. 72, pp. 246-257.
doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2009.04.007
</dc:relation>
  <dc:coverage xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">START YEAR: 17046 cal yr BP  * END YEAR: 0 cal yr BP</dc:coverage>
  <ows:WGS84BoundingBox xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows">
   <ows:LowerCorner>-138.359613  68.355787</ows:LowerCorner>
   <ows:UpperCorner>-138.359613  68.355787</ows:UpperCorner>
  </ows:WGS84BoundingBox>
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