Carpathian Mountains, 1163-2005 AD, annual ring widths, Pinus cembra L., PAGES Euro-Med 2k Version Popa, I.; Kern, Z. Popa, I. Kern, Z. PAGES 2k Network PAGES Euro-Med 2k PICE Pinus cembra L. Swiss stone pine Arolla pine earth science/paleoclimate/tree-ring (Calimani Mountains, Eastern Carpathian Mountains, Romania>LATITUDE 47>LONGITUDE 25.3) The first 1,000 year long Carpathian tree-ring width chronology was established based on living and subfossil stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) samples from an upper timberline forest located in Calimani Mts. (Romania). Tree-ring data were standardized using the regional curve standardization method in order to preserve the low and medium frequency climate signals. The de-trended index strongly correlates with summer mean temperature both at annual and decadal scales. The Calimani summer mean temperature anomalies were reconstructed for the period AD 1163-2005 applying the rescaling method. This new climate proxy from the Carpathians shows similar fluctuations to other North Hemispheric temperature reconstructions, but with periods of distinct differences. The fingerprint of Little Ice Age in the Calimani area is visible between AD 1370 and 1630 followed by lagged cold decades in AD 1820 and 1840. The recent warming is evident only after the 1980s in our reconstruction. STUDY NOTES: Living trees were sampled according to dendrochronological principles and conventions (Fritts 1976; Cook and Kairiukstis 1990; Popa 2004) from altitudes ranging from 1,450 to 1,850 m a.s.l. There were limited variations in the ecology and environment of the sampling area, ensuring the homogeneity of growth data. LINTAB equipment and TSAP 0.53 software (Rinntech 2005) were used for measuring the annual ring widths with a precision of 0.01 mm, as well as for cross-dating the growth series by graphical comparison. The results were checked for missing ring and dating error using the COFECHA software (Holmes 1983; Grissino-Mayer 1997). Samples missing pith or showing low correlation (<0.25) with the master chronology were excluded from the analysis. The final dataset comprised 410 individual series from 207 trees (65 series from living trees and 355 series from dead trees). NCDC-Paleoclimatology https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data - Bauer Bruce Investigator : Popa, I. Investigator : Kern, Z. 2013-05-15 ONLINE Files online, ASCII https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1003409 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/pages2k/euro-med2k/Popa_and_Kern_CD_2009.txt https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/pages2k/euro-med2k/Popa_and_Kern_CD_2009.txt English https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1003409 https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/pages2k/euro-med2k/Popa_and_Kern_CD_2009.txt Popa, I. and Z. Kern2008Long-term summer temperature reconstruction inferred from tree-ring records from the Eastern CarpathiansClimate Dynamics327-81107-111710.1007/s00382-008-0439-x START YEAR: 1163 AD * END YEAR: 2005 AD 25.3 47 25.3 47