<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-cave-12361</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Socotra Island, Yemen 40-53KYrBP Stalagmite d18O Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Burns, S.J.; Fleitmann, D.; Matter, A.; Kramers, J.; Al-Subary, A.A.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Socotra Island, Yemen 40-53KYrBP Stalagmite d18O Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2012-01-05</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12361</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>S.J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Burns</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>D.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Fleitmann</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Matter</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Kramers</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Al-Subary</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,millimeter,null,speleothems,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,speleothems,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>oxygen isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Monsoon</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>53484 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>40379 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>12.5</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>12.5</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>54</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>54</Easternmost_Longitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Western Asia</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Middle East</Location_Subregion2>
    <Location_Subregion3>Yemen</Location_Subregion3>
    <Detailed_Location>Moomi Cave&gt;LATITUDE 12.5&gt;LONGITUDE 54</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Burns, S.J., D. Fleitmann, A. Matter, J. Kramers, 
and A.A. Al-Subbary. 
Indian Ocean Climate and an Absolute Chronology 
over Dansgaard/Oeschger Events 9 to 13. 
Science, Vol. 301, No. 5638, pp. 1365-1367, 
5 September 2003.  DOI: 10.1126/science.1086227</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>Oxygen-isotope ratios of a stalagmite from Socotra Island 
in the Indian Ocean provide a record of changes in monsoon 
precipitation and climate for the time period from 42 to 55 
thousand years before the present. The pattern of precipitation 
bears a striking resemblance to the oxygen-isotope record from
Greenland ice cores, with increased tropical precipitation 
associated with warm periods in the high northern latitudes. 
The largest change, at the onset of interstadial 12, occurred 
very rapidly, in about 25 years. The chronology of the events 
found in our record requires a reevaluation of previously 
published time scales for climate events during this period.

 
          STUDY NOTES: High resolution stalagmite oxygen isotope data from 
Socotra Island in the Indian Ocean, providing a record 
of changes in monsoon precipitation from 53 - 40 KYrBP, 
Dansgaard/Oeschger Events 9 to 13. 

The stable isotope time series published in Burns et al., 2003 
was later revised based on a corrected chronology as explained 
in Burns et al., Science, 2004. The data archived here are on 
the revised chronology.
</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/yemen/moomi2003.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/yemen/moomi2003.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2019-02-01</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2019-02-01</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
