noaa-cave-15894 Moroccan speleothem and treering records suggest a variable positive state of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the Medieval Warm Period Wassenburg, J.A.; Immenhauser, A.; Richter, D.K.; Niedermayr, A.; Riechelmann, S.; Fietzke, J.; Scholz, D.; Jochum, K.P.; Fohlmeister, J.; Schröder-Ritzrau, A.; Sabaoui, A.; Riechelmann, D.F.C.; Schneider, L.; Esper, J. Moroccan speleothem and treering records suggest a variable positive state of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the Medieval Warm Period 2013-11-27 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15894 Investigator J.A. Wassenburg Investigator A. Immenhauser Investigator D.K. Richter Investigator A. Niedermayr Investigator S. Riechelmann Investigator J. Fietzke Investigator D. Scholz Investigator K.P. Jochum Investigator J. Fohlmeister Investigator A. Schröder-Ritzrau Investigator A. Sabaoui Investigator D.F.C. Riechelmann Investigator L. Schneider Investigator J. Esper earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|tree ring Palmer Drought Severity Index,ring width,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems magnesium,aragonite,null,parts per million,null,speleothems,raw,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry|laser ablation,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems age,null,null,year Common Era,null,speleothems,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems strontium,aragonite,null,parts per million,null,speleothems,raw,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry|laser ablation,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems trace metals earth science paleoclimate speleothems other geoscientificInformation Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) North Atlantic Oscillation Palmer Drought Index Reconstruction drought hydrology precipitation 748 AD 2008 AD 1202 cal yr BP -58 cal yr BP Complete 33.4 33.84 -5.1667 -4.09 1260 1830 Continent Africa Northern Africa Morocco Grotte de Piste>LATITUDE 33.84>LONGITUDE -4.09 Continent Africa Northern Africa Morocco Atlas Mountains IS>LATITUDE 33.4>LONGITUDE -5.1667 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

325 Broadway, E/NE31

Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII J.A. Wassenburg, A. Immenhauser,D. K. Richter, A. Niedermayr, S. Riechelmann, J. Fietzke, D. Scholz, K. P. Jochum, J. Fohlmeister, A. Schröder-Ritzrau, A.Sabaoui,D.F.C. Riechelmann,L.Schneider,J.Esper 2013 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 375 291-302 http://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb09climatology/files/2012/03/Wassenburg_2013_EPSL.pdf Jan Esper, David Frank, Ulf Büntgen, Anne Verstege, Jürg Luterbacher, and Elena Xoplaki 2007 Geophysical Research Letters 34 L17702 10.1029/2007GL030844 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2007GL030844/abstract

We present a magnesium (Mg) and strontium (Sr) record from an aragonitic speleothem(Grotte de Piste, Morocco, 34‬ºN; 04ºW) providing a reconstruction of effective rainfall from 619-1962 AD. The corresponding drip site was monitored over two years for drip water Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios. Results show evidence for prior aragonite precipitation, which can explain negative correlations between speleothem Mg and Sr concentrations. The data shown here have important climate implications concerning the evolution of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). A comparison of the stalagmite data from Grotte de Piste with an updated tree ring based drought reconstruction from Morocco and other NAO related proxy records confirms that the medieval warm period (MWP) was dominated by NAO+ conditions. The stalagmite record and multiple proxy records from the Iberian Peninsula, however, suggest that considerable rainfall variability occurred during the MWP. This implies that the NAO has been more variable during the MWP than formerly suggested. STUDY NOTES: Keywords: trace metals, drought, hydrology, precipitation, North Atlantic Oscillation, Medieval Climate Anomaly, speleothem, prior calcite precipitation, aragonite, trace elements. scPDSI reconstruction added 5/2/2014

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/wassenburg2013-mg-sr.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/wassenburg2013pdsi.txt Data File; Reconstructed self-calibrating PDSI USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2019-01-31 2019-01-31