noaa-cave-16401 Tzavoa Cave, Israel 200KYr Speleothem Stable Isotope Data Vaks, A.; Bar-Matthews, M.; Ayalon, A.; Matthews, A.; Frumkin, A.; Dayan, U.; Halicz, L.; Almogi-Labin, A.; Schilman, B. Tzavoa Cave, Israel 200KYr Speleothem Stable Isotope Data 2014-03-26 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16401 Investigator A. Vaks Investigator M. Bar-Matthews Investigator A. Ayalon Investigator A. Matthews Investigator A. Frumkin Investigator U. Dayan Investigator L. Halicz Investigator A. Almogi-Labin Investigator B. Schilman earth science paleoclimate speleothems sample identification,null,null,null,null,speleothems,null,null,C,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,speleothems,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems delta 13C,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems carbon isotopes earth science paleoclimate speleothems oxygen isotopes geoscientificInformation hydrology 200150 cal yr BP 13900 cal yr BP Complete 31.2009 31.2009 35.2179 35.2179 550 550 Continent Asia Western Asia Middle East Israel Tzavoa Cave>LATITUDE 31.2009>LONGITUDE 35.2179 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII A. Vaks, M. Bar-Matthews, A. Ayalon, A. Matthews, A. Frumkin, U. Dayan, L. Halicz, A. Almogi-Labin, B. Schilman 2006 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 249 3-4 384-399 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.009 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X06005000

Speleothem bearing karstic caves of the northern Negev Desert, southern Israel, provides an ideal site for reconstructing the paleoclimate and paleo-location of the border between Mediterranean climate region and the Saharo-Arabian Desert. Major periods of speleothem deposition (representing humid periods) were determined by high resolution 230Th-U dating and corresponding studies of stable isotope composition were used to identify the source of rainfall during humid periods and the vegetation type. Major humid intervals occurred during glacials at 190-150 ka, 76-25 ka, 23-13 ka and interglacials at 200-190 ka, 137-123 ka and 84-77 ka. The dominant rainfall source was the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, with a possible small contribution from southern tropical sources during the interglacial periods. When the interglacial interval rainfall was of Eastern Mediterranean origin, the minimum annual rainfall was ~300-350 mm; approximately twice than of the present-day. Lower minimum amounts of precipitation could have occurred during glacial periods, due to the cooler temperatures and reduced evaporation. Although during most of the humid periods the vegetation remained steppe with mixed C3 + C4 vegetation, Mediterranean C3 type steppe-forest vegetation invaded southward for short periods, and the climate in the northern Negev became closer to Mediterranean type than at present. The climate was similar to present, or even more arid, during intervals when speleothem deposition did not occur: 150-144 ka, 141-140 ka, 117-96 ka, 92-85 ka, 25-23 ka, and 13 ka-present-day. Precipitation increase occurred in the northern Negev during the interglacial monsoonal intensity maxima at 198 ka, 127 ka, 83 ka and glacial monsoonal maxima at 176 ka, 151 ka, 61 ka and 33 ka. However, during interglacial monsoonal maxima at 105 ka and 11 ka, the northern Negev was arid whereas during glacial monsoonal minima it was usually humid. This implies that there is not always synchroneity between monsoonal activity and humidity in the region. Oxygen isotopic values of the northern Negev speleothems are systematically lower than contemporaneous speleothems of central and northern Israel. This part is attributed to the increased rainout of the heavy isotopes by Rayleigh fractionation processes, possibly due to the farther distance from the Mediterranean coast. STUDY NOTES: Stable isotope (d18O and d13C) data from 8 speleothems collected in Tzavoa Cave, northern Negev Desert, Israel.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/israel/tzavoa2006.xls Excel Data File; Tzavoa Cave Stable Isotope Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/israel/tzavoa2006.txt Data File; Tzavoa Cave Stable Isotope Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11