noaa-cave-20530 Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data Denniston, R.F.; Ummenhofer, C.C.; Wanamaker, A.D.; Lachniet, M.S.; Villarini, G.; Asmerom, Y.; Polyak, V.J.; Passaro, K.J.; Cugley, J.; Woods, D.; Humphreys, W.F. Cave KNI-51, Western Australia 8,800 Year Stalagmite d18O Data 2016-09-29 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20530 Investigator R.F. Denniston Investigator C.C. Ummenhofer Investigator A.D. Wanamaker Investigator M.S. Lachniet Investigator G. Villarini Investigator Y. Asmerom Investigator V.J. Polyak Investigator K.J. Passaro Investigator J. Cugley Investigator D. Woods Investigator W.F. Humphreys earth science paleoclimate speleothems sample identification,null,null,null,null,speleothems,null,null,C,Stalagmite ID earth science paleoclimate speleothems age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,speleothems,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems notes,null,null,null,null,speleothems,null,null,C,calcite or aragonite earth science paleoclimate speleothems depth,null,null,millimeter,null,speleothems,null,null,N,distance from base earth science paleoclimate speleothems delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems oxygen isotopes geoscientificInformation Monsoon 8844 cal yr BP -58 cal yr BP Complete -15.18 -15.18 128.37 128.37 100 100 Continent Australia/New Zealand Australia Western Australia Cave KNI-51>LATITUDE -15.18>LONGITUDE 128.37 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Denniston, R.F., Wyrwoll, K.-H., Polyak, Brown, J. Asmerom, Y., Wanamaker, A. Jr., LaPointe, Z., Ellerbroek, R., Barthelmes, M., Cleary, D., Cugley, J., Woods, D., Humphreys, W. 2013 Quaternary Science Reviews 78 155-168 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.004 Rhawn F. Denniston, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Alan D. Wanamaker, Matthew S. Lachniet, Gabriele Villarini, Yemane Asmerom, Victor J. Polyak, Kristian J. Passaro, John Cugley, David Woods, and William F. Humphreys 2016 Scientific Reports 34485 6 10.1038/srep34485 http://www.nature.com/articles/srep34485 Rhawn F. Denniston, Gabriele Villarini, Angelique N. Gonzales, Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll, Victor J. Polyak, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Matthew S. Lachniet, Alan D. Wanamaker, Jr, William F. Humphreys, David Woods, and John Cugley 2015 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1422270112 http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/03/24/1422270112.abstract

Assessing temporal variability in extreme rainfall events before the historical era is complicated by the sparsity of long-term "direct" storm proxies. Here we present a 2,200-y-long, accurate, and precisely dated record of cave flooding events from the northwest Australian tropics that we interpret, based on an integrated analysis of meteorological data and sediment layers within stalagmites, as representing a proxy for extreme rainfall events derived primarily from tropical cyclones (TCs) and secondarily from the regional summer monsoon. This time series reveals substantial multicentennial variability in extreme rainfall, with elevated occurrence rates characterizing the twentieth century, 850-1450 CE (Common Era), and 50-400 CE; reduced activity marks 1450-1650 CE and 500-850 CE. These trends are similar to reconstructed numbers of TCs in the North Atlantic and Caribbean basins, and they form temporal and spatial patterns best explained by secular changes in the dominant mode of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the primary driver of modern TC variability. We thus attribute long-term shifts in cyclogenesis in both the central Australian and North Atlantic sectors over the past two millennia to entrenched El Niño or La Niña states of the tropical Pacific. The influence of ENSO on monsoon precipitation in this region of northwest Australia is muted, but ENSO-driven changes to the monsoon may have complemented changes to TC activity. STUDY NOTES: Stalagmite oxygen isotope (d18O) data for 18 calcite and aragonite stalagmites collected in Cave KNI-51, tropical Western Australia, providing a paleomonsoon record for the past 8,800 years. Data file updated 7/26/2017. In the data section of the file, ages were corrected for the stable isotope data of stalagmites KNI-51-10, KNI-51-A2-side 1, and KNI-51-A2-side 2. Stalagmite labels were corrected for stalagmites KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 (previously were mistakenly labelled as KNI-51-A1-side 1 and KNI-51-A1-side 2). In the Chronology section, distances for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected, and ages for U-Th dates in stalagmite KNI-51-A2-side 1 and KNI-51-A2-side 2 were corrected.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/australia/kni-51-2016d18o.txt Data File; Cave KNI-51 Stalagmite d18O Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11