noaa-cave-22910 Anjohibe Cave, Madagascar 370 - 1300 CE Stalagmite MA3 Stable Isotope Data Voarintsoa, N.R.G.; Wang, L.; Railsback, L.B.; Brook, G.A.; Liang, F.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L. Anjohibe Cave, Madagascar 370 - 1300 CE Stalagmite MA3 Stable Isotope Data 2017-10-15 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22910 Investigator N.R.G. Voarintsoa Investigator L. Wang Investigator L.B. Railsback Investigator G.A. Brook Investigator F. Liang Investigator H. Cheng Investigator R.L. Edwards earth science paleoclimate speleothems age,null,range upper bound,year Common Era,null,speleothems,null,null,N,lower limit uncertainty earth science paleoclimate speleothems notes,null,null,null,null,speleothems,null,null,C,Nature of the spelean minerals (A= aragonite; C= calcite) earth science paleoclimate speleothems depth,null,null,millimeter,null,speleothems,null,null,N,distance from the top of the stalagmite earth science paleoclimate speleothems sample identification,null,null,null,null,speleothems,null,null,C,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems age,null,null,year Common Era,null,speleothems,null,null,N,Age model used in the time series considering petrography (Railsback et al. 2013) and StalAge CE earth science paleoclimate speleothems age,null,null,year Common Era,null,speleothems,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems age,null,range lower bound,year Common Era,null,speleothems,null,null,N,upper limit uncertainty earth science paleoclimate speleothems delta 13C,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems delta 13C,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,corrected,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Same as d13C raw but with 1.7 subtracted for data from aragonite (Romanek et al. 1992) to convert data to a calcite basis (to eliminate the effect of fractionation between aragonite and calcite.) earth science paleoclimate speleothems delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,corrected,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Same as d18O raw but with 0.8 subtracted for data from aragonite (Kim et al. 2007) to convert data to a calcite basis (to eliminate the effect of fractionation between aragonite and calcite.) earth science paleoclimate speleothems carbon isotopes earth science paleoclimate speleothems oxygen isotopes geoscientificInformation 370 AD 1300 AD 1580 cal yr BP 650 cal yr BP Complete -15.53 -15.53 46.88 46.88 50 50 Ocean Indian Ocean Madagascar Anjohibe Cave>LATITUDE -15.53>LONGITUDE 46.88 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Ny Riavo G. Voarintsoa, Lixin Wang, L. Bruce Railsback, George A. Brook, Fuyuan Liang, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards 2017 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 469 138-155 10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.01.003 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018217300020

The timing and causes of paleoenvironmental changes in Madagascar have been debated, specifically in respect to human activity following the settlement in the late Holocene. Here we present d18O, d13C, layer-bounding surfaces, layer-specific width, mineralogy, and distribution of macroholes from Stalagmite MA3 from Anjohibe Cave to provide a detailed understanding of the paleoenvironmental changes in northwestern Madagascar between 370 CE and 1300 CE. The stable isotope records of Stalagmite MA3 are compared with stable isotope records of Stalagmites ANJ94-5 and MA2. Detailed examination of the proxies suggests three distinct intervals of changes. (1) Prior to 795 CE, changes in vegetation seem to have responded to changes in monsoonal rainfall linked to the relative position of the ITCZ. The period between ca. 755 CE and 795 was the driest, and the Stalagmite MA3 record is consistent with sediment records (pollen and lithology) from Lake Mitsinjo, northwestern Madagascar, and with sediment records (fossil pollen and charcoal) from Sainte Luce, southeastern Madagascar. (2) Between 795 CE and 870, the environmental conditions became more favorable, when vegetation recovered from the driest interval. The new conditions must have been suitable for community development in the region as suggested by archaeological evidence around Lake Mitsinjo and the Boeny region, and the establishment of the stone town of Mahilaka. (3) After 870 CE, a gradational change in plant communities from C3 to C4 marks the record until around 1130 CE, after which vegetation was dominated by C4 plants. This change cannot be explained by climate alone, as there is no clear relationship in the climate-sensitive proxies. Instead, it could have been caused by "Tavy", a variety of "swidden" agriculture practiced in the region. STUDY NOTES: Stalagmite stable isotope (d18O and d13C) data from Anjohibe Cave, Madagascar for 370 - 1300 CE.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/anjohibe2017b.txt Formatted Text Data File; Anjohibe Cave Stalagmite MA3 Stable Isotope Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11